nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.003-032nsc-1016Research ArticlePALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGEПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕКWho Were the Denisovans?https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-8331DereviankoO. P.

Scientifi c Director

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

derev@archaeology.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-2308ShunkovM. V.

Chief Researcher, Department Head

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

shunkov77@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-3345KozlikinM. B.

Senior Researcher

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

kmb777@yandex.ruInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202004102020483332Copyright © Derevianko O.P., Shunkov M.V., Kozlikin M.B., 20202020Derevianko O.P., Shunkov M.V., Kozlikin M.B.Derevianko O.P., Shunkov M.V., Kozlikin M.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1016

We provide a comprehensive summary of data relating to the origin, chronology, and culture of the Denisovans— a separate hominin population, fi rst described in 2010 on the basis of aDNA extracted from fossils found in Denisova Cave, in the northwestern part of the Russian Altai. We cite the results of morphological and genomic studies of the teeth and postcranial bones of those hominins. On the basis of a large series of optical and radiocarbon dates of the Pleistocene strata of Denisova Cave, the timeline for the hominin evolution in that region is reconstructed. The chronology of the evolutionary events based on aDNA is discussed. We provide a detailed description of stone and bone tools, and ornaments made of various materials, from Denisova habitation horizons. It is demonstrated that the Paleolithic cultural sequence in that cave is the most complete in North and Central Asia, spanning the principal stages of human evolutionary history over the last 300 thousand years. Denisovan origins and their role in the emergence of anatomically modern humans are reconstructed on the basis of a large body of archaeological, skeletal, and genetic data relating to Africa and Eurasia. It is concluded that the Neanderthal and Denisovan genetic legacy in the modern human gene pool indicates the existence of several zones in Africa and Eurasia where H. erectus evolution proceeded independently. The same applies to the evolution of lithic technologies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.