<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.107-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-1025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ETHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>An Eastern Tibetan Tool for Managing Draught Cattle</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-3313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esin</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department Head</p><p>Shchetinkina 23, Abakan, 655017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esin2006@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature, and History</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>48</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Esin Y.N., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Esin Y.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Esin Y.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1025">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1025</self-uri><abstract><p>This study, based on a trip to the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region of Qinghai Province, China in August 2018, focuses on the tradition of using wooden nose-rings for managing draught yaks and yak-cow hybrids, still practiced in Tibet. The materials and technology for manufacturing this tool are described, and measurements are provided. I describe variants of the traditional yoke and plow (ard) system used in conjunction with a nose-ring and identify several variants of nose-ring, distinguished by the style of terminus. I investigate seasonality of use, method of piercing, age of animals at piercing, techniques for managing single animals and draught teams, as well as nose-ring durability and advantages of wooden vs. rope forms. Based on a comprehensive comparative historical analysis of materials from Yushu, I suggest that Tibetan ancestors, who had moved there from the northeast in the second half of the 1st millennium BC, introduced wooden nose-ring technology.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Wooden nose-rings</kwd><kwd>yoke</kwd><kwd>ard</kwd><kwd>yak</kwd><kwd>ox</kwd><kwd>Tibet</kwd><kwd>Kham</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deloche J. 2014 Contribution to the history of the wheeled vehicle in India. Paris: Institut Français de Pondichéry.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deloche J. 2014 Contribution to the history of the wheeled vehicle in India. Paris: Institut Français de Pondichéry.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esin Y.N. 2018 Drevneisheye prisposobleniye dlya upravleniya tyaglovymi zhivotnymi na vostoke yevraziyskogo stepnogo poyasa. Nauchnoye obozreniye Sayano-Altaya, No. 1 (21): 115–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esin Y.N. 2018 Drevneisheye prisposobleniye dlya upravleniya tyaglovymi zhivotnymi na vostoke yevraziyskogo stepnogo poyasa. Nauchnoye obozreniye Sayano-Altaya, No. 1 (21): 115–125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furer-Haimendorf C. 1983 Bhotia highlanders of Nar and Pu. Kailas, vol. 10 (1/2): 63–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furer-Haimendorf C. 1983 Bhotia highlanders of Nar and Pu. Kailas, vol. 10 (1/2): 63–117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gryaznov M.P. 1950 Perviy Pazyrykskiy kurgan. Leningrad: Izd. Gos. Ermitazha.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gryaznov M.P. 1950 Perviy Pazyrykskiy kurgan. Leningrad: Izd. Gos. Ermitazha.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haiwang Yuan, Awang Kunga, Bo Li. 2014 Tibetan Folktales. Santa Barbara, Denver, Oxford: Libraries Unlimited.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haiwang Yuan, Awang Kunga, Bo Li. 2014 Tibetan Folktales. Santa Barbara, Denver, Oxford: Libraries Unlimited.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Himalayan Buddhist Villages: Environment, Resources, Society and Religious Life in Zangskar, Ladakh. 1994 J. Crook, H. Osmaston (eds). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Himalayan Buddhist Villages: Environment, Resources, Society and Religious Life in Zangskar, Ladakh. 1994 J. Crook, H. Osmaston (eds). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaznakov A.N. 1907 Moi puti po Mongolii i Kamu. St. Petersurg: Gerold. (Mongoliya i Kam: Trudy ekspeditsii Imp. Rus. geogr. ob-va, sovershennoy v 1899–1901 gg. pod rukovodstvom P.K. Kozlova; vol. 2, iss. 1).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaznakov A.N. 1907 Moi puti po Mongolii i Kamu. St. Petersurg: Gerold. (Mongoliya i Kam: Trudy ekspeditsii Imp. Rus. geogr. ob-va, sovershennoy v 1899–1901 gg. pod rukovodstvom P.K. Kozlova; vol. 2, iss. 1).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozlov P.K. 1906 Kam i obratniy put. St. Petersburg: Gerold. (Mongoliya i Kam: Trudy ekspeditsii Imp. Rus. geogr. ob-va, sovershennoy v 1899–1901 gg. pod rukovodstvom P.K. Kozlova; vol. 1, pt. 2).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov P.K. 1906 Kam i obratniy put. St. Petersburg: Gerold. (Mongoliya i Kam: Trudy ekspeditsii Imp. Rus. geogr. ob-va, sovershennoy v 1899–1901 gg. pod rukovodstvom P.K. Kozlova; vol. 1, pt. 2).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krasnov Y.A. 1975 Drevneishiye upryazhniye pakhotniye orudiya. Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov Y.A. 1975 Drevneishiye upryazhniye pakhotniye orudiya. Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Przhevalsky N.M. 1883 Iz Zaisana cherez Khami v Tibet i na verkhovya Zheltoy reki. St. Petersburg: [Tip. V.S. Balasheva].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Przhevalsky N.M. 1883 Iz Zaisana cherez Khami v Tibet i na verkhovya Zheltoy reki. St. Petersburg: [Tip. V.S. Balasheva].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Yak. 2006 G. Wiener, Han Jianlin, Long Ruijun (eds.). 2nd edition. Bangkok: Regional Offi ce for Asia and the Pacifi c Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Yak. 2006 G. Wiener, Han Jianlin, Long Ruijun (eds.). 2nd edition. Bangkok: Regional Offi ce for Asia and the Pacifi c Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsybikov G.T. 1918 Buddist-palomnik u svyatyn Tibeta: Po dnevnikam, vedennym v 1899–1902 gg. Peterburg: [15-ya Gos. tip.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsybikov G.T. 1918 Buddist-palomnik u svyatyn Tibeta: Po dnevnikam, vedennym v 1899–1902 gg. Peterburg: [15-ya Gos. tip.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuravlev Y.I. 1961 Etnicheskiy sostav tibetskogo rayona KNR i tibetsy drugikh regionov strany. In Vostochno-aziatskiy etnograficheskiy sbornik, iss. 2. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 79–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuravlev Y.I. 1961 Etnicheskiy sostav tibetskogo rayona KNR i tibetsy drugikh regionov strany. In Vostochno-aziatskiy etnograficheskiy sbornik, iss. 2. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 79–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
