nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.2.003-022nsc-1222Research ArticlePALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGEПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕКLate Pleistocene Paleoenvironments and Episodic Human Occupations in the Orkhon Valley of Central MongoliaKhatsenovichA. M.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

archeomongolia@gmail.comVishnevskayaI. A.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

Kosygina 19, Bldg. 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia

BazargurD.

Zhukovyn Gudamzh 77, Ulaanbaatar, 13343

VolvakhA. O.

Pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk

KlementievA. M.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033

GeJ.

142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Beijing, 100044

ZhilichS. V.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

MarchenkoD. V.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

OkunevaT. G.

Akademika Vonsovskogo 15, Yekaterinburg, 620016

KogaiS. A.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

GunchinsurenB.

Zhukovyn Gudamzh 77, Ulaanbaatar, 13343

RybinE. P.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

OlsenJ. W.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

1009 East South Campus Dr., Tucson, AZ, 85721-0030, USA

DereviankoA. P.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of SciencesMongoliaSobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChinaZavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; School of Anthropology, University of ArizonaRussian Federation202105072021492322Copyright © Khatsenovich A.M., Vishnevskaya I.A., Bazargur D., Volvakh A.O., Klementiev A.M., Ge J., Zhilich S.V., Marchenko D.V., Okuneva T.G., Kogai S.A., Gunchinsuren B., Rybin E.P., Olsen J.W., Derevianko A.P., 20212021Khatsenovich A.M., Vishnevskaya I.A., Bazargur D., Volvakh A.O., Klementiev A.M., Ge J., Zhilich S.V., Marchenko D.V., Okuneva T.G., Kogai S.A., Gunchinsuren B., Rybin E.P., Olsen J.W., Derevianko A.P.Khatsenovich A.M., Vishnevskaya I.A., Bazargur D., Volvakh A.O., Klementiev A.M., Ge J., Zhilich S.V., Marchenko D.V., Okuneva T.G., Kogai S.A., Gunchinsuren B., Rybin E.P., Olsen J.W., Derevianko A.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1222

Here, we present initial results of a new course of research being carried out at the Moiltyn-am, Orkhon-1, and Orkhon-7 Paleolithic sites in the Orkhon River Valley, central Mongolia. Our research focuses on the Moiltyn-am site, which preserves a cultural and chronological sequence from the Final Middle to the Late Upper Paleolithic. Results from analyses of rare earth elements, Strontium (Sr) isotopes, and faunal assemblages are correlated with data on paleoenvironmental conditions in the region during MIS-3 and MIS-2. Our conclusions are based in part upon post- depositional changes detectable in archaeological material from cultural layers at the Moiltyn-am site revealed through convergent analyses of stratigraphy, sedimentology, planigraphy, and the comparison of Sr isotopes in sediments and osteological remains. XRF-derived geochemical data from the Moiltyn-am sedimentary sequence yields evidence of past climatic conditions. We correlated these data with human occupational episodes in the Orkhon Valley during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, and the results are analyzed in the context of extant paleoenvironmental information from northern Mongolia. Our results indicate a relatively humid climate prevailed during MIS-3, followed by a period of aridification, and the redeposition of sediments at Moiltyn-am. Faunal analysis reveals that Bos sp. and equids were the principal prey species for humans in the Final Middle to Initial Upper Paleolithic, supplemented by members of the Caprinae during the Early Upper Paleolithic. A complex mammoth fauna inhabited forest-steppe and steppe landscapes in the Khangai Mountains during MIS-3 and MIS-2.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.