nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.3.051-059nsc-1288Research ArticleTHE METAL AGES AND MEDIEVAL PERIODЭПОХА ПАЛЕОМЕТАЛЛАScarab Amulet-Beads from 1st–2nd Century Children’s Burials at a Necropolis on the Iluraton Plateau, Eastern CrimeaTarasenkoM. O.

Hrushevskoho 4, Kyiv, 01001

niktarasenko@yahoo.comKhanutinaZ. V.

Pochtamtskaya 14, St. Petersburg, 190000

zoe_gmir@inbox.ruKrymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineUkraineState Museum of the History of ReligionRussian Federation2021271020214935159Copyright © Tarasenko M.O., Khanutina Z.V., 20212021Tarasenko M.O., Khanutina Z.V.Tarasenko M.O., Khanutina Z.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1288

We describe a group of Egyptian faience scarabs unearthed from the necropolis on the Iluraton Plateau, Eastern Crimea, by the expedition from the State Museum of the History of Religion (St. Petersburg) in 1987–1990. Artifacts made of so-called Egyptian faience were found in eight of the sixty-two burials—those of g irls aged below 1.5, dating to the 1st to early 2nd centuries AD. The most numerous among the faience items were beads in the form of scarabs. The analysis shows them to fall into three groups in terms of presence and nature of images on the reverse side: those without images (3 spec.), those with abstract images (3 spec.), and those with anthropo-zoomorphic images (2 spec.). In two cases, representations point to specifi c Egyptian workshops. Scarabs in girls’ burials of the Roman period elaborate on the thanatological imagery, which originated among the Scythian-Saka tribes of Eurasia in the mid-1st millennium BC.

NecropolisIluraton Plateauchildren’s burialsEgyptian faienceamuletsscarabsReferencesAlekseeva E.M. 1972 Predmety iz yegipetskogo fayansa VI v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e. KSIA, No. 130: 3–11.Alekseeva E.M. 1972 Predmety iz yegipetskogo fayansa VI v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e. KSIA, No. 130: 3–11.Alekseeva E.M. 1978 Antichniye busy Severnogo Prichernomorya, vol. 2. Moscow: Nauka. (SAI; iss. G1–12/2).Alekseeva E.M. 1978 Antichniye busy Severnogo Prichernomorya, vol. 2. Moscow: Nauka. (SAI; iss. G1–12/2).Anfi mov I.N. 1982 Amulety iz yegipetskogo fayansa pervykh vekov n.e. iz Prikubanya. In XII Krupnovskiye chteniya po arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza: Tezisy dokl. Moscow: pp. 53–54.Anfi mov I.N. 1982 Amulety iz yegipetskogo fayansa pervykh vekov n.e. iz Prikubanya. In XII Krupnovskiye chteniya po arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza: Tezisy dokl. Moscow: pp. 53–54.Batizat T.V. 2007 Magicheskiye verovaniya naseleniya Severnogo Prichernomorya vo II–IV vv. n.e. In Akkermanskiy sbornik, iss. 1. Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy: [s.n.], pp. 92–99.Batizat T.V. 2007 Magicheskiye verovaniya naseleniya Severnogo Prichernomorya vo II–IV vv. n.e. In Akkermanskiy sbornik, iss. 1. Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy: [s.n.], pp. 92–99.Berezovets D.T. 1960 Rozkopki kurgannogo mogilnika epokhi bronzi ta skіfskogo chasu v s. Kut. In Arkheologychnі pamiyatky URSR, vol. IX. Kiyv: Vid. AN USSR, pp. 39–87.Berezovets D.T. 1960 Rozkopki kurgannogo mogilnika epokhi bronzi ta skіfskogo chasu v s. Kut. In Arkheologychnі pamiyatky URSR, vol. IX. Kiyv: Vid. AN USSR, pp. 39–87.Bessonova S.S. 1991 “Muzhskoye” i “zhenskoye” v sakralnoy sfere skifov. In Dukhovnaya kultura drevnikh obshchestv na territorii Ukrainy. Kiyv: Naukova dumka, pp. 84–95.Bessonova S.S. 1991 “Muzhskoye” i “zhenskoye” v sakralnoy sfere skifov. In Dukhovnaya kultura drevnikh obshchestv na territorii Ukrainy. Kiyv: Naukova dumka, pp. 84–95.Bogdanova N.A. 1980 Semantika i naznacheniye nekotorykh amuletov iz mogilnikov pervykh vekov n.e. Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma. In Istoriya i kultura Yevrazii. Moscow: GIM, pp. 79–88. (Trudy GIM; iss. 51).Bogdanova N.A. 1980 Semantika i naznacheniye nekotorykh amuletov iz mogilnikov pervykh vekov n.e. Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma. In Istoriya i kultura Yevrazii. Moscow: GIM, pp. 79–88. (Trudy GIM; iss. 51).Bolshakov A.O., Ilyna Y.I. 1988 Yegipetskiye skarabei s ostrova Berezan. Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 3: 51–67.Bolshakov A.O., Ilyna Y.I. 1988 Yegipetskiye skarabei s ostrova Berezan. Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 3: 51–67.Boltrik Y.V., Fialko E.E. 2007 Ukrasheniya iz skifskikh pogrebalnykh kompleksov Rogachikskogo kurgannogo polya. Starozhytnostі Stepovoho Prychornomorya і Krymu, iss. 14: 51–93.Boltrik Y.V., Fialko E.E. 2007 Ukrasheniya iz skifskikh pogrebalnykh kompleksov Rogachikskogo kurgannogo polya. Starozhytnostі Stepovoho Prychornomorya і Krymu, iss. 14: 51–93.Bonnet H. 1952 Reallexikon der ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Bonnet H. 1952 Reallexikon der ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Boriskovskaya S.P. 1989 Olviya i Navkratis: K probleme rannikh kontaktov Severnogo Prichernomorya s Yegiptom. In Drevniy Vostok i antichnaya tsivilizatsiya. Leningrad: Izd. Gos. Ermitazha, pp. 111–119.Boriskovskaya S.P. 1989 Olviya i Navkratis: K probleme rannikh kontaktov Severnogo Prichernomorya s Yegiptom. In Drevniy Vostok i antichnaya tsivilizatsiya. Leningrad: Izd. Gos. Ermitazha, pp. 111–119.Burkov S.B. 2013 Amulety i talismany iz “yegipetskogo” fayansa s territorii Kabardino-Balkarii. In Arkheologiya i etnologiya Severnogo Kavkaza: Sbornik nauch. tr. k 75-letiyu I.M. Chechenova. Nalchik: Kabardino-Balkar. Inst. Gumanit. Issledovaniy, pp. 40–50.Burkov S.B. 2013 Amulety i talismany iz “yegipetskogo” fayansa s territorii Kabardino-Balkarii. In Arkheologiya i etnologiya Severnogo Kavkaza: Sbornik nauch. tr. k 75-letiyu I.M. Chechenova. Nalchik: Kabardino-Balkar. Inst. Gumanit. Issledovaniy, pp. 40–50.Burkov S.B. 2015 Amulety i talismany iz “yegipetskogo fayansa” s territorii Dagestana. Stratum plus, No. 3: 321–334.Burkov S.B. 2015 Amulety i talismany iz “yegipetskogo fayansa” s territorii Dagestana. Stratum plus, No. 3: 321–334.Burkov S.B. 2016 Iz istorii izucheniya amuletov i talismanov iz tak nazyvayemogo “yegipetskogo fayansa” s territorii Severnogo Kavkaza i sopredelnykh oblastey po izdaniyam kontsa XIX – nachala XXI vv. (voprosy istoriografi i). Iz istorii kultury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza, No. 8: 53–62.Burkov S.B. 2016 Iz istorii izucheniya amuletov i talismanov iz tak nazyvayemogo “yegipetskogo fayansa” s territorii Severnogo Kavkaza i sopredelnykh oblastey po izdaniyam kontsa XIX – nachala XXI vv. (voprosy istoriografi i). Iz istorii kultury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza, No. 8: 53–62.Burkov S.B., Gadalrab S.M.-A. 2017 Opisaniye amuletov iz “yegipetskogo fayansa” s territorii Rostovskoy oblasti v pechatnykh izdaniyakh kontsa XIX – nachala XXI v. Vestnik Rostovskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Ser.: Vseobshchaya istoriya, iss. 9 (3): 272–288.Burkov S.B., Gadalrab S.M.-A. 2017 Opisaniye amuletov iz “yegipetskogo fayansa” s territorii Rostovskoy oblasti v pechatnykh izdaniyakh kontsa XIX – nachala XXI v. Vestnik Rostovskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Ser.: Vseobshchaya istoriya, iss. 9 (3): 272–288.Burkov S.B., Mirzoyants A.A. 1987 O proniknovenii i rasprostranenii amuletov iz yegipetskogo fayansa na territorii Predkavkazya. In Antichnaya tsivilizatsiya i varvarskiy mir v Podonye–Priazovye: Tezisy dokl. Novocherkassk: pp. 5–7.Burkov S.B., Mirzoyants A.A. 1987 O proniknovenii i rasprostranenii amuletov iz yegipetskogo fayansa na territorii Predkavkazya. In Antichnaya tsivilizatsiya i varvarskiy mir v Podonye–Priazovye: Tezisy dokl. Novocherkassk: pp. 5–7.Chekhovskaya S.A. 2011 Osobennosti pokloneniya yegipetskim bogam v Severnom Prichernomorye v I v. do n.e. Znaniye. Ponimaniye. Umeniye, No. 4: 249–252.Chekhovskaya S.A. 2011 Osobennosti pokloneniya yegipetskim bogam v Severnom Prichernomorye v I v. do n.e. Znaniye. Ponimaniye. Umeniye, No. 4: 249–252.Chepkasova M.I. 2011 Yegipetskaya kollektsiya v sobranii Nikolayevskogo oblastnogo krayevedcheskogo muzeya: Katalog. Mykolaiv: Nikolayevskiy oblastnoy krayevedcheskiy muzey.Chepkasova M.I. 2011 Yegipetskaya kollektsiya v sobranii Nikolayevskogo oblastnogo krayevedcheskogo muzeya: Katalog. Mykolaiv: Nikolayevskiy oblastnoy krayevedcheskiy muzey.Dzneladze E.S. 2013 Yegipetskiy fayans iz sarmatskogo pogrebeniya Molochanskogo mogilnika. In Varvarskiy mir severopontiyskikh zemel v sarmatskuyu epokhu: Sbornik st. k 60-letiyu A.N. Dzigovskogo. Kiyv: CP O. Filyuk, pp. 176–183.Dzneladze E.S. 2013 Yegipetskiy fayans iz sarmatskogo pogrebeniya Molochanskogo mogilnika. In Varvarskiy mir severopontiyskikh zemel v sarmatskuyu epokhu: Sbornik st. k 60-letiyu A.N. Dzigovskogo. Kiyv: CP O. Filyuk, pp. 176–183.Dzneladze O.S. 2016 Yegipetskiy fayans u pozdnikh skifov Nizhnego Dnepra. Arkheologіya і davnya іstorіya Ukrainy, No. 2: 68–73.Dzneladze O.S. 2016 Yegipetskiy fayans u pozdnikh skifov Nizhnego Dnepra. Arkheologіya і davnya іstorіya Ukrainy, No. 2: 68–73.Edakov A.V. 1990 K voprosu o kulturnykh svyazyakh Yegipta so Skifi yei. In Mezhdunarodniye otnosheniya v basseine Chernogo morya v drevnosti i sredniye veka: Tezisy dokl. V obl. seminara. Rostovon-Don: Rostov. Gos. Ped. Inst., pp. 7–8.Edakov A.V. 1990 K voprosu o kulturnykh svyazyakh Yegipta so Skifi yei. In Mezhdunarodniye otnosheniya v basseine Chernogo morya v drevnosti i sredniye veka: Tezisy dokl. V obl. seminara. Rostovon-Don: Rostov. Gos. Ped. Inst., pp. 7–8.Eder K. 2012 Skarabey Pozdnego perioda iz mogilnika Kyryk-Oba ІІ. In Vliyaniya akhemenidskoy kultury v Yuzhnom Priuralye (V–III vv. do n.e.), vol. 1. M.Y. Treister, L.T. Yablonsky (eds.). Moscow: TAUS, pp. 189–191. (Drevnyaya torevtika i yuvelirnoye delo v Vostochnoy Yevrope; iss. 5).Eder K. 2012 Skarabey Pozdnego perioda iz mogilnika Kyryk-Oba ІІ. In Vliyaniya akhemenidskoy kultury v Yuzhnom Priuralye (V–III vv. do n.e.), vol. 1. M.Y. Treister, L.T. Yablonsky (eds.). Moscow: TAUS, pp. 189–191. (Drevnyaya torevtika i yuvelirnoye delo v Vostochnoy Yevrope; iss. 5).Falkovich Y.A. 1992 Drevneyegipetskiye amulety: Arkheologicheskiy aspekt. Vestnik Moskovoskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, No. 4: 52–54.Falkovich Y.A. 1992 Drevneyegipetskiye amulety: Arkheologicheskiy aspekt. Vestnik Moskovoskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, No. 4: 52–54.Gavrilyuk N.A. 2013 Ekonomika stepnoy Skifi i VII–III vv. do n.e. [2nd ed.]. Kiyv: CP O. Filyuk.Gavrilyuk N.A. 2013 Ekonomika stepnoy Skifi i VII–III vv. do n.e. [2nd ed.]. Kiyv: CP O. Filyuk.Gelfman T.M. 1994 Ukrasheniya iz yegipetskogo fayansa v pogrebalnykh kompleksakh nekropolya Iluratona. In Veshch v kontekste kultury: Materialy nauch. konf. St. Petersburg: pp. 86–87.Gelfman T.M. 1994 Ukrasheniya iz yegipetskogo fayansa v pogrebalnykh kompleksakh nekropolya Iluratona. In Veshch v kontekste kultury: Materialy nauch. konf. St. Petersburg: pp. 86–87.Giveon R. 1984 Skarabäus. In Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Bd. V. Von W. Helck, W. Westendorf (eds.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 968–981.Giveon R. 1984 Skarabäus. In Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Bd. V. Von W. Helck, W. Westendorf (eds.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 968–981.Gushchina I.I., Zatseskaya I.P. 1994 “Zolotoye kladbishche” Rimskoy epokhi v Prikubanye. St. Petersburg: Farn. (Rossiyskaya arkheologicheskaya biblioteka; iss. 1).Gushchina I.I., Zatseskaya I.P. 1994 “Zolotoye kladbishche” Rimskoy epokhi v Prikubanye. St. Petersburg: Farn. (Rossiyskaya arkheologicheskaya biblioteka; iss. 1).Hodjasch S. 1992a Skarabäen aus dem Territorium der Sowjetunion. In Fifty Years of Polish Excavations in Egypt and the Near East: Acts of the Symposium at the Warsaw University, 1986. Warsaw: Warsaw Univ., pp. 122–124.Hodjasch S. 1992a Skarabäen aus dem Territorium der Sowjetunion. In Fifty Years of Polish Excavations in Egypt and the Near East: Acts of the Symposium at the Warsaw University, 1986. Warsaw: Warsaw Univ., pp. 122–124.Hodjash S. 1992b Ancient Egyptian objects discovered on the territory of the USSR. In Sesto Congresso internazionale di egittologia: Atti, vol. I. Torino: Intern. Association of Egyptologists, pp. 265–272.Hodjash S. 1992b Ancient Egyptian objects discovered on the territory of the USSR. In Sesto Congresso internazionale di egittologia: Atti, vol. I. Torino: Intern. Association of Egyptologists, pp. 265–272.Hodjash S.I. 1999 Drevneyegipetskiye skarabei: Katalog pechatey i skarabeyev iz muzeyev Rossii, Ukrainy, Kavkaza i Pribaltiki. Moscow: Vost. lit.Hodjash S.I. 1999 Drevneyegipetskiye skarabei: Katalog pechatey i skarabeyev iz muzeyev Rossii, Ukrainy, Kavkaza i Pribaltiki. Moscow: Vost. lit.Kees H. 1977 Der Götterglaube im alten Ägypten. Berlin: Akademie Verl.Kees H. 1977 Der Götterglaube im alten Ägypten. Berlin: Akademie Verl.Keller O. 1913 Die antike Tierwelt, Bd. II. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.Keller O. 1913 Die antike Tierwelt, Bd. II. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.Khrapunov I.N., Muld S.A., Stoyanova A.A. 2009 Pozdneskifskiy sklep iz nekropolya Opushki. Simferopol: Dolya.Khrapunov I.N., Muld S.A., Stoyanova A.A. 2009 Pozdneskifskiy sklep iz nekropolya Opushki. Simferopol: Dolya.Khrshanovsky V.A. 2010 Pogrebalno-pominalniye kompleksy vtoroy poloviny I – pervoy poloviny II vv. n.e. na nekropole Iluratona. Drevnosti Bospora, vol. 14: 583–609.Khrshanovsky V.A. 2010 Pogrebalno-pominalniye kompleksy vtoroy poloviny I – pervoy poloviny II vv. n.e. na nekropole Iluratona. Drevnosti Bospora, vol. 14: 583–609.Khrshanovsky V.A., Khanutina Z.V., Kruglikova Y.V. 2007 Kollektsiya antichnykh drevnostey Gosudarstvennogo muzeya istorii religii. St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburg. Gos. Univ. Promyshl. Tekhnologiy i Dizayna.Khrshanovsky V.A., Khanutina Z.V., Kruglikova Y.V. 2007 Kollektsiya antichnykh drevnostey Gosudarstvennogo muzeya istorii religii. St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburg. Gos. Univ. Promyshl. Tekhnologiy i Dizayna.Korostovtsev M.A. 1957 Drevneyegipetskiye nakhodki v SSSR. Vestnik istorii mirovoy kultury, No. 2: 72–85.Korostovtsev M.A. 1957 Drevneyegipetskiye nakhodki v SSSR. Vestnik istorii mirovoy kultury, No. 2: 72–85.Korovina A.K. 1972 Fayansoviye podveski iz nekropoley Tiramby i Fanagorii. Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 104–112.Korovina A.K. 1972 Fayansoviye podveski iz nekropoley Tiramby i Fanagorii. Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 104–112.Korpusova V.M. 1973 Mіnіatyurna plastika і mozaika z bosporskoho nekropolyu poblyzu s. Zolote. Arheologіa, No. 9: 74–83.Korpusova V.M. 1973 Mіnіatyurna plastika і mozaika z bosporskoho nekropolyu poblyzu s. Zolote. Arheologіa, No. 9: 74–83.Krysko V.B. 1990 Slovar drevnerusskogo yazyka (XI–XIV vv.), vol. III. Moscow: Rus. yaz.Krysko V.B. 1990 Slovar drevnerusskogo yazyka (XI–XIV vv.), vol. III. Moscow: Rus. yaz.Kublanov M.M., Khrshanovsky V.A. 1989 Nekropol Iluratona: Raskopki 1984–1988 godov: K istorii voprosa. In Problemy religiyevedeniya i ateizma v muzeyakh. Leningrad: Gos. muzei istorii religii i ateizma, pp. 6–42.Kublanov M.M., Khrshanovsky V.A. 1989 Nekropol Iluratona: Raskopki 1984–1988 godov: K istorii voprosa. In Problemy religiyevedeniya i ateizma v muzeyakh. Leningrad: Gos. muzei istorii religii i ateizma, pp. 6–42.Kurganniye mogilniki Ryasniye Mogily i Nosaki (predvaritelnaya publikatsiya). 1977 V.I. Bidzilya (ed.). Kiyv: Nauk. dumka, pp. 107–110.Kurganniye mogilniki Ryasniye Mogily i Nosaki (predvaritelnaya publikatsiya). 1977 V.I. Bidzilya (ed.). Kiyv: Nauk. dumka, pp. 107–110.Levina E.A., Ostroverkhov A.S. 1989 A n t i c h n i y e f a y a n s y v s o b r a n i i O d e s s k o g o arkheologicheskogo muzeya. In Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki stepey Podnestrovya i Podunavya. Kiyv: Nauk. dumka, pp. 109–118.Levina E.A., Ostroverkhov A.S. 1989 A n t i c h n i y e f a y a n s y v s o b r a n i i O d e s s k o g o arkheologicheskogo muzeya. In Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki stepey Podnestrovya i Podunavya. Kiyv: Nauk. dumka, pp. 109–118.Litvinenko Y.N. 1991 Ptolemeyevskiy Yegipet i Severnoye Prichernomorye v III v. do n.e. (k voprosu o kontaktakh). Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 12–26.Litvinenko Y.N. 1991 Ptolemeyevskiy Yegipet i Severnoye Prichernomorye v III v. do n.e. (k voprosu o kontaktakh). Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 12–26.Matkovskaya T., Tvardetski A., Tokhtasiev S., Bekhter A. 2009 Bosporskiye nadgrobya II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e. Kiyv: Mistetstvo.Matkovskaya T., Tvardetski A., Tokhtasiev S., Bekhter A. 2009 Bosporskiye nadgrobya II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e. Kiyv: Mistetstvo.Matthieu M. 1926 Some scarabs from the south of Russia. Ancient Egypt, vol. III: 68–69.Matthieu M. 1926 Some scarabs from the south of Russia. Ancient Egypt, vol. III: 68–69.Medvedev A.P. 2008 Sarmaty v verkhovyakh Tanaisa. Moscow: Taus.Medvedev A.P. 2008 Sarmaty v verkhovyakh Tanaisa. Moscow: Taus.Mosheeva O.N. 2010 Yegipetskiy fayans v sarmatskikh pogrebeniyakh Nizhnego Povolzhya. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik, No. 11: 147–169.Mosheeva O.N. 2010 Yegipetskiy fayans v sarmatskikh pogrebeniyakh Nizhnego Povolzhya. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik, No. 11: 147–169.Motouk F.S. 1977 Corpus du Scarabée Égyptien. Vol. II: Analyze Thématique. Beirut: l’Académie Libanaise.Motouk F.S. 1977 Corpus du Scarabée Égyptien. Vol. II: Analyze Thématique. Beirut: l’Académie Libanaise.Nelyubov S. 2002 Simvolika srednevekovykh russkikh perstney. Tseikhgauz, No. 17: 4–8.Nelyubov S. 2002 Simvolika srednevekovykh russkikh perstney. Tseikhgauz, No. 17: 4–8.Newberry P.E. 1906 Egyptian Antiquities. Scarabs. An Introduction to the Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings. London: Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd.Newberry P.E. 1906 Egyptian Antiquities. Scarabs. An Introduction to the Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings. London: Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd.Okhotnikov S.B., Ostroverkhov A.S. 1993 Skarabeoid s Berezani. In Drevneye Prichernomorye: Kratkiye soobshcheniya Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva. Odessa: Odes. arkheol. muzey, pp. 69–74.Okhotnikov S.B., Ostroverkhov A.S. 1993 Skarabeoid s Berezani. In Drevneye Prichernomorye: Kratkiye soobshcheniya Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva. Odessa: Odes. arkheol. muzey, pp. 69–74.Ostroverkhov A.S. 2014 “Yegipetskі fayansy” v Skіfіi і ikh mіstse v systemі podіbnykh starozhytnostey Skhіdnoy Yevropy (dosvіd kompleksnogo analіzu). Arheologіa, No. 1: 41–60.Ostroverkhov A.S. 2014 “Yegipetskі fayansy” v Skіfіi і ikh mіstse v systemі podіbnykh starozhytnostey Skhіdnoy Yevropy (dosvіd kompleksnogo analіzu). Arheologіa, No. 1: 41–60.Ostroverkhov A.S., Nazarov V.V. 2013 Skarabey iz raskopok Borisfena 1991 g. Drevneye Prichernomorye, iss. X: 479–487.Ostroverkhov A.S., Nazarov V.V. 2013 Skarabey iz raskopok Borisfena 1991 g. Drevneye Prichernomorye, iss. X: 479–487.Parmenter C.S. 2019 Egypt on the steppe: A gazetteer of sixth century Aegyptiaca from the North Black Sea. Bibliotheca Orientalis, vol. LXXVI (1/2): 13–24.Parmenter C.S. 2019 Egypt on the steppe: A gazetteer of sixth century Aegyptiaca from the North Black Sea. Bibliotheca Orientalis, vol. LXXVI (1/2): 13–24.Petrie W.M.F. 1917 Scarabs and Cylinders with Names. London: School of Archaeology in Egypt.Petrie W.M.F. 1917 Scarabs and Cylinders with Names. London: School of Archaeology in Egypt.Piotrovsky B.B. 1958 Drevneyegipetskiye predmety, naidenniye na territorii Sovetskogo Soyuza. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 20–27.Piotrovsky B.B. 1958 Drevneyegipetskiye predmety, naidenniye na territorii Sovetskogo Soyuza. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 20–27.Pyankov A.V. 1996 Amulety “yegipetskogo fayansa” iz mogilnika Mostovogo u stanitsy Otradnoy. Istoriko-arkheologicheskiy almanakh, No. 2: 93–99.Pyankov A.V. 1996 Amulety “yegipetskogo fayansa” iz mogilnika Mostovogo u stanitsy Otradnoy. Istoriko-arkheologicheskiy almanakh, No. 2: 93–99.Quirke St. 2003 Two thirteen dynasty heart scarabs. Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux”, vol. 37: 31–40.Quirke St. 2003 Two thirteen dynasty heart scarabs. Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux”, vol. 37: 31–40.Saenko V. 2018 Shlyakhi skarabeiv (polemіka shchodo datuvannya namistini z kurganu Voznesenka-1973 na r. Molochnіy). Scriptorium nostrum, No. 1: 246–265.Saenko V. 2018 Shlyakhi skarabeiv (polemіka shchodo datuvannya namistini z kurganu Voznesenka-1973 na r. Molochnіy). Scriptorium nostrum, No. 1: 246–265.Saprykin S.Y. 2009 Religiya i kulty Ponta ellinisticheskogo i rimskogo vremeni. Moscow, Tula: Grif i Ko.Saprykin S.Y. 2009 Religiya i kulty Ponta ellinisticheskogo i rimskogo vremeni. Moscow, Tula: Grif i Ko.Simonenko A.V. 2011 Rimskiy import u sarmatov Severnogo Prichernomorya. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.Simonenko A.V. 2011 Rimskiy import u sarmatov Severnogo Prichernomorya. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.Skrzhinskaya M.V. 2010 Kulturniye traditsii Ellady v antichnykh gosudarstvakh Severnogo Prichernomorya. Kiyv: Inst. Istorii NAN Ukrainy.Skrzhinskaya M.V. 2010 Kulturniye traditsii Ellady v antichnykh gosudarstvakh Severnogo Prichernomorya. Kiyv: Inst. Istorii NAN Ukrainy.Solomonik E.I. 1973 Iz istorii religioznoy zhizni v severopontiyskikh gorodakh pozdneantichnogo vremeni (po epigrafi cheskim pamyatnikam). Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 55–77.Solomonik E.I. 1973 Iz istorii religioznoy zhizni v severopontiyskikh gorodakh pozdneantichnogo vremeni (po epigrafi cheskim pamyatnikam). Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 55–77.Stadler M.A. 2001 Der Skarabäus als osirianisches Symbol vornehmlich nach spätzeitlichen Quellen. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, Bd. 128: 71–83.Stadler M.A. 2001 Der Skarabäus als osirianisches Symbol vornehmlich nach spätzeitlichen Quellen. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, Bd. 128: 71–83.Stoyanova A.A. 2006 Busy i podveski naseleniya Kryma ІІІ v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e.: Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Simferopol.Stoyanova A.A. 2006 Busy i podveski naseleniya Kryma ІІІ v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e.: Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Simferopol.Stoyanova A.A. 2012 Detskiye pogrebeniya iz mogilnika Opushki (po rezultatam raskopok 2003–2009 gg.). Simferopol: Dolya.Stoyanova A.A. 2012 Detskiye pogrebeniya iz mogilnika Opushki (po rezultatam raskopok 2003–2009 gg.). Simferopol: Dolya.Symonovich E.A. 1961 Yegipetskiye veshchi v mogilnike Neapolya Skifskogo. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 270–273.Symonovich E.A. 1961 Yegipetskiye veshchi v mogilnike Neapolya Skifskogo. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 270–273.Tarasenko N.A. 2013 Predmety yegipetskogo importa v pogrebeniyakh sarmatskogo vremeni nekropolya Iluratona. In ІІ Bakhchisaraiskiye nauchniye chteniya pamyati E.V. Veimarna: Tezisy dokl. i soobshch. Bakhchisarai: pp. 43–44.Tarasenko N.A. 2013 Predmety yegipetskogo importa v pogrebeniyakh sarmatskogo vremeni nekropolya Iluratona. In ІІ Bakhchisaraiskiye nauchniye chteniya pamyati E.V. Veimarna: Tezisy dokl. i soobshch. Bakhchisarai: pp. 43–44.Terenozhkin A.I., Mozolevsky B.N. 1988 Melitopolskiy kurgan. Kiyv: Nauk. dumka.Terenozhkin A.I., Mozolevsky B.N. 1988 Melitopolskiy kurgan. Kiyv: Nauk. dumka.Touraїeff B. 1911 Objets Égyptiens et Égyptisants trouvés dans la Russie Méridionale. Revue archéologique, ser. IV, vol. XVIII: 20–35.Touraїeff B. 1911 Objets Égyptiens et Égyptisants trouvés dans la Russie Méridionale. Revue archéologique, ser. IV, vol. XVIII: 20–35.Treister M.Y. 1985 Bospor i Yegipet v III v. do n.e. Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 126–139.Treister M.Y. 1985 Bospor i Yegipet v III v. do n.e. Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 1: 126–139.Tulpe I.A. 2002 Rebenok v miforitualnoy kolybeli mira. Filosofskiy vek: Almanakh. Iss. 22: Nauki o cheloveke v sovremennom mire, pt. 2: 126–135.Tulpe I.A. 2002 Rebenok v miforitualnoy kolybeli mira. Filosofskiy vek: Almanakh. Iss. 22: Nauki o cheloveke v sovremennom mire, pt. 2: 126–135.Tulpe I.A. 2012 Mifologiya. Iskusstvo. Religiya. St. Petersburg: Nauka. Turaev B.A. 1911 Skarabei s ostrova Berezani. Izvestiya arkheologicheskoi komissii, vol. 40: 118–119.Tulpe I.A. 2012 Mifologiya. Iskusstvo. Religiya. St. Petersburg: Nauka. Turaev B.A. 1911 Skarabei s ostrova Berezani. Izvestiya arkheologicheskoi komissii, vol. 40: 118–119.Vasmer M. 1986 Etimologicheskiy slovar russkogo yazyka, vol. II. Moscow: Progress.Vasmer M. 1986 Etimologicheskiy slovar russkogo yazyka, vol. II. Moscow: Progress.Vertiienko A.V., Tarasenko N.A. 2014 Skarabey v kontekste pogrebalnogo obryada skifosarmatskikh plemen (na materialakh nekropolya Iluratona). In Muzeinі Chitannya: Materialy nauk. konf. “Yuvelіrne mystetstvo: Poglyad krіz vіky”, Kyiv, Muzey іstorychnykh koshtovnostey Ukrainy, 18–20 listopada 2013 r. Kyiv: Fenіks, pp. 170–178.Vertiienko A.V., Tarasenko N.A. 2014 Skarabey v kontekste pogrebalnogo obryada skifosarmatskikh plemen (na materialakh nekropolya Iluratona). In Muzeinі Chitannya: Materialy nauk. konf. “Yuvelіrne mystetstvo: Poglyad krіz vіky”, Kyiv, Muzey іstorychnykh koshtovnostey Ukrainy, 18–20 listopada 2013 r. Kyiv: Fenіks, pp. 170–178.Vertiіenko G.V. 2015 Іkonografіya skіfskoy eskhatologіi. Kyiv: Vydavets O. Fіlyuk.Vertiіenko G.V. 2015 Іkonografіya skіfskoy eskhatologіi. Kyiv: Vydavets O. Fіlyuk.Vertiіenko G.V. 2017 Zhertovnyky z cherepamy v ur. Tsarina Bіlskogo gorodishcha (do sutі ritualu). Arkheologіya, No. 3: 5–17.Vertiіenko G.V. 2017 Zhertovnyky z cherepamy v ur. Tsarina Bіlskogo gorodishcha (do sutі ritualu). Arkheologіya, No. 3: 5–17.Vertіienko G.V., Tarasenko M.O. 2018 Ritualna rіch u kros-kulturnykh kontaktakh skіfosarmatskikh plemen ta narodіv Blyzkoho Skhodu. In Forum Olbicum II: Pamyatі V.V. Kropіvіnoi (do 150-rіchchya doslіdzhennya Olvіi): Materialy Mіzhnar. arkheol. konf., Mykolaiv, 4–6 travnya 2018 r. Mykolaiv: Nauk.-dosl. tsentr “Lukomorye”, pp. 113–114.Vertіienko G.V., Tarasenko M.O. 2018 Ritualna rіch u kros-kulturnykh kontaktakh skіfosarmatskikh plemen ta narodіv Blyzkoho Skhodu. In Forum Olbicum II: Pamyatі V.V. Kropіvіnoi (do 150-rіchchya doslіdzhennya Olvіi): Materialy Mіzhnar. arkheol. konf., Mykolaiv, 4–6 travnya 2018 r. Mykolaiv: Nauk.-dosl. tsentr “Lukomorye”, pp. 113–114.Vinogradov V.B. 1968 Mesto yegipetskikh amuletov v religiozno-magicheskoy simvolike kavkaztsev. In Arkheologo-etnografi cheskiy sbornik, vol. 2. Grozny: Checheno-ingush. Kn. Izd., pp. 39–54.Vinogradov V.B. 1968 Mesto yegipetskikh amuletov v religiozno-magicheskoy simvolike kavkaztsev. In Arkheologo-etnografi cheskiy sbornik, vol. 2. Grozny: Checheno-ingush. Kn. Izd., pp. 39–54.Voronyatov S.V. 2011 Yegipetskiy fayans na poselencheskikh pamyatnikakh severnoy periferii antichnogo mira. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik, No. 12: 95–104.Voronyatov S.V. 2011 Yegipetskiy fayans na poselencheskikh pamyatnikakh severnoy periferii antichnogo mira. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik, No. 12: 95–104.Vysotskaya T.N. 1994 Ust-Alminskoye gorodishche i nekropol: Materialy po arkheologii Kryma. Kiyv: Kiyev. akademiya yevrobiznesa.Vysotskaya T.N. 1994 Ust-Alminskoye gorodishche i nekropol: Materialy po arkheologii Kryma. Kiyv: Kiyev. akademiya yevrobiznesa.Zelinsky A.L. 2010 Aleksandrіyskі faraony ta ikh pіddanі: Zmіtsnennya vlady pershykh Ptolemeiv. Kyiv: Akademperіodika.Zelinsky A.L. 2010 Aleksandrіyskі faraony ta ikh pіddanі: Zmіtsnennya vlady pershykh Ptolemeiv. Kyiv: Akademperіodika.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.