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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.3.127-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-1296</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANTHROPOLOGY AND PALEOGENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Ratio of Indigenous to Immigrant Populations in the Western Steppe During the Bronze Age (Based on Cranial Data)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazarnitsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Universitetskaya nab. 3, St. Petersburg, 199034б</p><p>Institutskaya 2/2, Pushchino, 142290</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazarnitski@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kazarnitsky A.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kazarnitsky A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazarnitsky A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1296">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1296</self-uri><abstract><p>Measurements of ~730 male crania from cemeteries associated with Bronze Age cultures of the steppe and foreststeppe zone of Eastern Europe (Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, Babino, Lola, and Timber-Grave) were subjected to multivariate analyses. D2 distances between sample centroids were calculated, and non-metric multidimensional scaling was carried out. The results are used to evaluate the proportion of indigenous and immigrant groups during four successive periods—Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, and Late Bronze Age. The differences between Yamnaya populations are comparable to those between recent groups inhabiting vast territories of Eastern Europe, from Karelia to the Northern Caucasus. The ro le of the substrate component in the origin of Early and Middle Bronze Age groups was considerable. However, virtually no continuity was observed at the Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, when post-Catacomb cultures originated. Continuity with Middle Bronze Age groups is observed in Late Bronze Age samples representing the Timber-Grave people, who combined features of the Catacomb and post-Catacomb people. Factors accounting for such a process may include “pendulum migrations” and temporary reversal of funerary tradition from kurgans to “invisible” fl at burials. </p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Physical anthropology</kwd><kwd>craniology</kwd><kwd>craniometry</kwd><kwd>Bronze Age</kwd><kwd>Eastern Europe</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 19-18-00406)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alekseev V.P. 1969 Proiskhozhdeniye narodov Vostochnoy Yevropy: Kraniologicheskoye issledovaniye. Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev V.P. 1969 Proiskhozhdeniye narodov Vostochnoy Yevropy: Kraniologicheskoye issledovaniye. 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