<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.4.127-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-1337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ETHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Urbanization of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia and the Far East (20th to Early 21st Centuries)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolaevvv06@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oktyabrskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">siem405@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Nikolaev V.V., Oktyabrskaya I.V., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Nikolaev V.V., Oktyabrskaya I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolaev V.V., Oktyabrskaya I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1337">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1337</self-uri><abstract><p>This article integrates studies relating to the history of urban communities of Siberian and Far Eastern indigenous peoples. A multidisciplinary approach to urbanization processes is used; their stages, rates, causes, and principal characteristics are analyzed. The database consists of our own fi eld fi ndings, published results of sociological studies, and those of All-Union and All-Russian population censuses. Three stages of urbanization affecting indigenous Siberians are described, and their factors and mechanisms are evaluated. The process is characterized by intense migration of indigenous peoples to the towns and cities during the recent period, accompanied by large-scale industrial development, and the transition of aboriginal societies from the traditional to the modern lifestyle. The urbanization, however, has not been completed, because of the underdeveloped urban infrastructure and the fact that many indigenous peoples to the cities had retained their rural traditions. The sa lient characteristic of the urbanization of indigenous peoples in the macroregion is that it was asynchronous, and that its sh ort intense phase, whereby the indigenous peoples mostly moved to nearby towns and urbanized villages in the 1960s–1970s, did not extend to all indigenous communities. Urbanization was incomplete in terms of both quality and quantity, and the integration of indigenous peoples into the urban space has engendered serious problems. According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, only fi ve indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East had completed the urbanization process: Kereks, Mansi, Nivkhs, Uilta and Shors. Currently, most indigenous peoples are medium-urbanized. The lowest level of urbanization is among the Soyots, Siberian Tatars, Telengits, Tofalars, Tubalars, Chelkans, Chulyms, and Tozhu Tuvans. We conclude that urbanization among the indigenous peoples is a long, diffi cult, and contradictory process, which, in modern Siberia, triggers many ethnocultural and ethno-social transformations of regional multiethnic communities.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Indigenous peoples</kwd><kwd>Siberia</kwd><kwd>Far East</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 20-111-50364.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baburin V.L., Zemtsov S.P. 2015 Evolyutsiya sistemy gorodskikh poseleniy i dinamika prirodnykh i sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh protsessov v rossiyskoy Arktike. Regionalniye issledovaniya, No. 4: 76–83.: 76–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baburin V.L., Zemtsov S.P. 2015 Evolyutsiya sistemy gorodskikh poseleniy i dinamika prirodnykh i sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh protsessov v rossiyskoy Arktike. Regionalniye issledovaniya, No. 4: 76–83.: 76–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakhrushin S.V., Petrov A.I. et al. 1929 Goroda. In Sibirskaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya, vol. I. Novosibirsk: Sib. krayev. izd., pp. 702–724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhrushin S.V., Petrov A.I. et al. 1929 Goroda. In Sibirskaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya, vol. I. Novosibirsk: Sib. krayev. izd., pp. 702–724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BAM i narody Severa. 1979 Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BAM i narody Severa. 1979 Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogoyavlensky D.D. 2012 Perepis 2010: Etnicheskiy srez. Demoskop, No. 531/532. URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0531/tema02.php (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogoyavlensky D.D. 2012 Perepis 2010: Etnicheskiy srez. Demoskop, No. 531/532. URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0531/tema02.php (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boiko V.I. 1973 Opyt sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya problem razvitiya narodov Nizhnego Amura. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiko V.I. 1973 Opyt sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya problem razvitiya narodov Nizhnego Amura. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boiko V.I. 1977 Sotsialnoye razvitiye narodov Nizhnego Amura. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiko V.I. 1977 Sotsialnoye razvitiye narodov Nizhnego Amura. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boiko V.I. 1988 Sotsialno-ekonomicheskoye razvitiye narodnostey Severa. Programma koordinatsii issledovaniy. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiko V.I. 1988 Sotsialno-ekonomicheskoye razvitiye narodnostey Severa. Programma koordinatsii issledovaniy. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boiko V.I., Popkov Y.V. 1987 Razvitiye otnosheniya k trudu u narodnostey Severa pri sotsializme. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiko V.I., Popkov Y.V. 1987 Razvitiye otnosheniya k trudu u narodnostey Severa pri sotsializme. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boiko V.I., Vasilyev N.V. 1981 Sotsialno-professionalnaya mobilnost evenkov i evenov Yakutii. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiko V.I., Vasilyev N.V. 1981 Sotsialno-professionalnaya mobilnost evenkov i evenov Yakutii. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budina O.R., Shmeleva M.N. 1977 Etnografi cheskoye izucheniye goroda v SSSR. Sovetskaya etnographiya, No. 6: 23–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budina O.R., Shmeleva M.N. 1977 Etnografi cheskoye izucheniye goroda v SSSR. Sovetskaya etnographiya, No. 6: 23–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dekret VTsIK, SNK RSFSR ot 02.02.1925 “Ob utverzhdenii polozheniya o Komitete sodeistviya narodnostyam severnykh okrain pri Prezidiume Vserossiyskogo Tsentralnogo Ispolnitelnogo Komiteta”. (s.a.) URL: http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_2342.htm (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dekret VTsIK, SNK RSFSR ot 02.02.1925 “Ob utverzhdenii polozheniya o Komitete sodeistviya narodnostyam severnykh okrain pri Prezidiume Vserossiyskogo Tsentralnogo Ispolnitelnogo Komiteta”. (s.a.) URL: http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_2342.htm (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobrova-Yadrintseva L. et al. 1931 Komitet sodeistviya malym narodnostyam Severa pri Prezidiume VTsIK. In Sibirskaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. Novosibirsk: OGIZ, Zap.-Sib. otd., pp. 865–872.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobrova-Yadrintseva L. et al. 1931 Komitet sodeistviya malym narodnostyam Severa pri Prezidiume VTsIK. In Sibirskaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. Novosibirsk: OGIZ, Zap.-Sib. otd., pp. 865–872.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolgikh B.O. 2005 O polozhenii malykh narodov Severa i o meropriyatiyakh po podyemu ikh khozyaistva, kultury i uluchsheniyu byta. In Etnologicheskaya ekspertiza: Narody Severa Rossii. 1959–1962 gody. Moscow: IEA RAN, pp. 155–180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgikh B.O. 2005 O polozhenii malykh narodov Severa i o meropriyatiyakh po podyemu ikh khozyaistva, kultury i uluchsheniyu byta. In Etnologicheskaya ekspertiza: Narody Severa Rossii. 1959–1962 gody. Moscow: IEA RAN, pp. 155–180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efimova E.A. 2014 Regionalniye aspekty urbanizatsii v Rossii. Regionalnaya ekonomika: Teoriya i praktika, vol. 12 (43): 2–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimova E.A. 2014 Regionalniye aspekty urbanizatsii v Rossii. Regionalnaya ekonomika: Teoriya i praktika, vol. 12 (43): 2–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorod i derevnya v Yevropeiskoy Rossii: Sto let peremen: Pamyati V.P. Semenova-Tyan-Shanskogo. 2001 G.M. Lappo, D.N. Lukhmanov, T.G. Nefedova, P.M. Polyan, R.A. Popov, S.G. Safronov, A. Titkov, A.I. Treivish. Moscow: Obyedinen. gum. izd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorod i derevnya v Yevropeiskoy Rossii: Sto let peremen: Pamyati V.P. Semenova-Tyan-Shanskogo. 2001 G.M. Lappo, D.N. Lukhmanov, T.G. Nefedova, P.M. Polyan, R.A. Popov, S.G. Safronov, A. Titkov, A.I. Treivish. Moscow: Obyedinen. gum. izd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goroda Sibiri (epokha feodalizma i kapitalizma). 1978 Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goroda Sibiri (epokha feodalizma i kapitalizma). 1978 Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Istoriya Buryatii. 2011 In 3 vols. Vol. II: 17 – nachalo 20 v. Ulan-Ude: Izd. BNC SO RAN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Istoriya Buryatii. 2011 In 3 vols. Vol. II: 17 – nachalo 20 v. Ulan-Ude: Izd. BNC SO RAN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isupov V.A. 2013 Kvaziurbanizatsiya v stalinskoy strategii modernizatsii Sibiri: Vtoraya polovina 1920-kh–1930-ye gg. In Regionalniye aspekty tsivilizatsionnogo razvitiya rossiyskogo obshchestva v 20 stoletii: Problemy industrializatsii i urbanizatsii. Novosibirsk: Parallel, pp. 238–245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isupov V.A. 2013 Kvaziurbanizatsiya v stalinskoy strategii modernizatsii Sibiri: Vtoraya polovina 1920-kh–1930-ye gg. In Regionalniye aspekty tsivilizatsionnogo razvitiya rossiyskogo obshchestva v 20 stoletii: Problemy industrializatsii i urbanizatsii. Novosibirsk: Parallel, pp. 238–245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isupov V.A. 2018 Urbanizatsiya Zapadnoy Sibiri: Vzglyad istorika. EKO, No. 7: 7–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isupov V.A. 2018 Urbanizatsiya Zapadnoy Sibiri: Vzglyad istorika. EKO, No. 7: 7–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolbina E.O., Naiden S.N. 2013 Evolyutsiya protsessov urbanizatsii na Dalnem Vostoke Rossii. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika, No. 4: 44–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolbina E.O., Naiden S.N. 2013 Evolyutsiya protsessov urbanizatsii na Dalnem Vostoke Rossii. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika, No. 4: 44–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolomiets O.P. 2020 Osobennosti sovremennykh migratsionnykh protsessov na Krainem Severo-Vostoke Rossii (Chukotskiy variant). Vlast i upravleniye na Vostoke Rossii, No. 4: 207–214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolomiets O.P. 2020 Osobennosti sovremennykh migratsionnykh protsessov na Krainem Severo-Vostoke Rossii (Chukotskiy variant). Vlast i upravleniye na Vostoke Rossii, No. 4: 207–214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondratieva V.V., Batueva I.B. 2013 Chislennost i rasseleniye tatar na territorii Buryatii. Vestnik Chelyabinskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii kultury i iskusstv, No. 3: 194–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondratieva V.V., Batueva I.B. 2013 Chislennost i rasseleniye tatar na territorii Buryatii. Vestnik Chelyabinskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii kultury i iskusstv, No. 3: 194–197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korusenko S.N., Tomilov N.A. 2011 Tatary Sibiri v 18 – nachale 20 v.: Rasseleniye, chislennost i sotsialnaya struktura. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i, No. 2: 177–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korusenko S.N., Tomilov N.A. 2011 Tatary Sibiri v 18 – nachale 20 v.: Rasseleniye, chislennost i sotsialnaya struktura. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i, No. 2: 177–185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krivonogov V.P. 2017 Vliyaniye urbanizatsii na etnicheskiye protsessy korennykh narodov Sredney Sibiri. In Spetsifi ka etnicheskikh migratsionnykh protsessov na territorii Tsentralnoy Sibiri v 20–21 vekakh: Opyt i perspektivy. Krasnoyarsk: Izd. Sib. Federal. Univ., pp. 31–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivonogov V.P. 2017 Vliyaniye urbanizatsii na etnicheskiye protsessy korennykh narodov Sredney Sibiri. In Spetsifi ka etnicheskikh migratsionnykh protsessov na territorii Tsentralnoy Sibiri v 20–21 vekakh: Opyt i perspektivy. Krasnoyarsk: Izd. Sib. Federal. Univ., pp. 31–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kultura narodnostey Severa: Traditsii i sovremennost. 1986 V.I. Boiko (ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kultura narodnostey Severa: Traditsii i sovremennost. 1986 V.I. Boiko (ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyarskaya E.V. 2003 Severniye internaty i transformatsiya traditsionnoy kultury (na primere nentsev Yamala): Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. St. Petersburg.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyarskaya E.V. 2003 Severniye internaty i transformatsiya traditsionnoy kultury (na primere nentsev Yamala): Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. St. Petersburg.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyarskaya E.V. 2016 “Komu-to tozhe nado i v gorode zhit…”: Nekotoriye osobennosti transformatsii sotsialnoy struktury nentsev Yamala. Etnografi cheskoye obozreniye, No. 1: 54–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyarskaya E.V. 2016 “Komu-to tozhe nado i v gorode zhit…”: Nekotoriye osobennosti transformatsii sotsialnoy struktury nentsev Yamala. Etnografi cheskoye obozreniye, No. 1: 54–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltseva O.V. 2018 Nanaitsy v promyshlennom raione Priamurya: Model osvoyeniya prostranstva i poisk identichnosti. Etnografi cheskoye obozreniye, No. 1: 161–177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltseva O.V. 2018 Nanaitsy v promyshlennom raione Priamurya: Model osvoyeniya prostranstva i poisk identichnosti. Etnografi cheskoye obozreniye, No. 1: 161–177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markhinin V.V., Udalova I.V. 1993 Etnos v situatsii vybora budushchego: Po materialam sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya obraza zhizni khantov, nentsev, mansi Nizhnevartovskogo rayona Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markhinin V.V., Udalova I.V. 1993 Etnos v situatsii vybora budushchego: Po materialam sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya obraza zhizni khantov, nentsev, mansi Nizhnevartovskogo rayona Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagnibeda V.Y. 1917 Tomskaya guberniya: Statisticheskiy ocherk. Tomsk: [Tip. V.M. Perelman].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagnibeda V.Y. 1917 Tomskaya guberniya: Statisticheskiy ocherk. Tomsk: [Tip. V.M. Perelman].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nechaev M.G. 2014 Deyatelnost Pravoslavnogo missionerskogo obshchestva na Urale. Istoricheskiye, fi losofskiye, politicheskiye i yuridicheskiye nauki, kulturologiya i iskusstvovedeniye. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, No. 2, pt. II: 140–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechaev M.G. 2014 Deyatelnost Pravoslavnogo missionerskogo obshchestva na Urale. Istoricheskiye, fi losofskiye, politicheskiye i yuridicheskiye nauki, kulturologiya i iskusstvovedeniye. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, No. 2, pt. II: 140–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolaev V.V. 2009 Khristianizatsiya korennogo naseleniya predgoriy Severnogo Altaya. Mirovozzreniye naseleniya Yuzhnoy Sibiri i Tsentralnoy Azii v istoricheskoy retrospektive, No. 3: 213–223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaev V.V. 2009 Khristianizatsiya korennogo naseleniya predgoriy Severnogo Altaya. Mirovozzreniye naseleniya Yuzhnoy Sibiri i Tsentralnoy Azii v istoricheskoy retrospektive, No. 3: 213–223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolaev V.V. 2018 Migratsiya kumandintsev iz sela v gorod v nachale 21 veka. Vestnik Novosibirkoso gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, fi lologiya, vol. 17 (3): 142–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaev V.V. 2018 Migratsiya kumandintsev iz sela v gorod v nachale 21 veka. Vestnik Novosibirkoso gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, fi lologiya, vol. 17 (3): 142–147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolaev V.V., Nazarov I.I. 2021 Urbanizatsiya korennogo naseleniya Altaya v 20–nachale 21 veka (na primere kumandintsev goroda Biyska). Vestnik Novosibirkoso gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, fi lologiya, vol. 20 (3): 149–162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaev V.V., Nazarov I.I. 2021 Urbanizatsiya korennogo naseleniya Altaya v 20–nachale 21 veka (na primere kumandintsev goroda Biyska). Vestnik Novosibirkoso gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, fi lologiya, vol. 20 (3): 149–162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nivkhi Sakhalina: Sovremennoye sotsialnoekonomicheskoye razvitiye. 1988 V.I. Boiko (ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nivkhi Sakhalina: Sovremennoye sotsialnoekonomicheskoye razvitiye. 1988 V.I. Boiko (ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oktyabrskaya I.V., Samushkina E.V., Nikolaev V.V. 2021 Korenniye malochislenniye narody v sovremennom etnopoliticheskom prostranstve Respubliki Altai. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, No. 2: 101–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oktyabrskaya I.V., Samushkina E.V., Nikolaev V.V. 2021 Korenniye malochislenniye narody v sovremennom etnopoliticheskom prostranstve Respubliki Altai. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, No. 2: 101–109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palikova T.V. 2010 Goroda Zabaikaliya vtoroy poloviny 19 – nachala 20 v.: Sotsialnoye, ekonomicheskoye, kulturnoye razvitiye. Ulan-Ude: Buryat. Gos. Univ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palikova T.V. 2010 Goroda Zabaikaliya vtoroy poloviny 19 – nachala 20 v.: Sotsialnoye, ekonomicheskoye, kulturnoye razvitiye. Ulan-Ude: Buryat. Gos. Univ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perepisi naseleniya Rossiyskoy imperii, SSSR, 15 novykh nezavisimykh gosudarstv. (s.a.) Demoskop. URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census_types.php?ct=6 (Accessed December 5, 2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perepisi naseleniya Rossiyskoy imperii, SSSR, 15 novykh nezavisimykh gosudarstv. (s.a.) Demoskop. URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census_types.php?ct=6 (Accessed December 5, 2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perspektivy i riski razvitiya chelovecheskogo potentsiala v Sibiri. 2014 V.V. Kuleshov (ed.). Novosibirsk: Izd. SO RAN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perspektivy i riski razvitiya chelovecheskogo potentsiala v Sibiri. 2014 V.V. Kuleshov (ed.). Novosibirsk: Izd. SO RAN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrov P.P. 1990 Goroda Yakutii 1861–1917 gg. Yakutsk: Yakut. kn. izd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov P.P. 1990 Goroda Yakutii 1861–1917 gg. Yakutsk: Yakut. kn. izd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pivneva E.A. 2017 Severniy gorod kak etnografi cheskoye pole: Poisk novykh izmereniy. In Pole kak zhizn: K 60-letiyu Severnoy ekspeditsii IEA RAN. Moscow, St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, pp. 225–239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pivneva E.A. 2017 Severniy gorod kak etnografi cheskoye pole: Poisk novykh izmereniy. In Pole kak zhizn: K 60-letiyu Severnoy ekspeditsii IEA RAN. Moscow, St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, pp. 225–239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pivneva E.A. 2018 “No diskomfort my vse-taki oshchushchayem”: Obskiye ugry v protsessakh sotsiokulturnoy adaptatsii k usloviyam goroda. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii, No. 21: 104–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pivneva E.A. 2018 “No diskomfort my vse-taki oshchushchayem”: Obskiye ugry v protsessakh sotsiokulturnoy adaptatsii k usloviyam goroda. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii, No. 21: 104–129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pivovarov Y.L. 2010 Urbanizatsiya Rossii v 20 veke: Idealy i realnost. In Geografi ya mirovogo razvitiya. Moscow: Tov. nauch. izd. KMK, pp. 228–239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pivovarov Y.L. 2010 Urbanizatsiya Rossii v 20 veke: Idealy i realnost. In Geografi ya mirovogo razvitiya. Moscow: Tov. nauch. izd. KMK, pp. 228–239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov R.A. 2005 Urbanizirovannost regionov Rossii vo vtoroy polovine 20 veka. In Rossiya i eye regiony v 20 veke: Territoriya – rasselenie – migratsii. Moscow: Obyedinen. gum. izd., pp. 215–244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov R.A. 2005 Urbanizirovannost regionov Rossii vo vtoroy polovine 20 veka. In Rossiya i eye regiony v 20 veke: Territoriya – rasselenie – migratsii. Moscow: Obyedinen. gum. izd., pp. 215–244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Postanovleniye TsK KPSS i SM SSSR ot 16.03.1957 g. No. 300 “O merakh po dalneishemu razvitiyu ekonomiki i kultury narodnostei Severa”. 1957 URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/765714380 (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Postanovleniye TsK KPSS i SM SSSR ot 16.03.1957 g. No. 300 “O merakh po dalneishemu razvitiyu ekonomiki i kultury narodnostei Severa”. 1957 URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/765714380 (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Povoroznyuk O.A. 2011 Zabaikalskiye evenki: Sotsialno-ekonomicheskiye i kulturnyye transformatsii v 20–21 vekakh. Moscow: IEA RAN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Povoroznyuk O.A. 2011 Zabaikalskiye evenki: Sotsialno-ekonomicheskiye i kulturnyye transformatsii v 20–21 vekakh. Moscow: IEA RAN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Programma koordinatsii issledovaniy “Vzaimodeistviye nauchno-tekhnicheskogo i sotsialnogo progressa: Obshcheye i osobennoye (gumanitarniy aspekt)”. 1987 V.I. Boiko (ed.). Novosibirsk: [s.n.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Programma koordinatsii issledovaniy “Vzaimodeistviye nauchno-tekhnicheskogo i sotsialnogo progressa: Obshcheye i osobennoye (gumanitarniy aspekt)”. 1987 V.I. Boiko (ed.). Novosibirsk: [s.n.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasporyazheniye Pravitelstva RF ot 4.02.2009 g. No. 132-р ob utverzhdenii “Kontseptsii ustoichivogo razvitiya korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka Rossiyskoi Federatsii”. 2009 URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/902142304?marker=6540IN (Accessed May 24, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasporyazheniye Pravitelstva RF ot 4.02.2009 g. No. 132-р ob utverzhdenii “Kontseptsii ustoichivogo razvitiya korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka Rossiyskoi Federatsii”. 2009 URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/902142304?marker=6540IN (Accessed May 24, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resursnoye proklyatiye” i sotsialnaya ekspertiza v postsovetskoy Sibiri: Antropologicheskiye perspektivy. 2019 Moscow: Demos.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resursnoye proklyatiye” i sotsialnaya ekspertiza v postsovetskoy Sibiri: Antropologicheskiye perspektivy. 2019 Moscow: Demos.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossiyskaya Arktika: Korenniye narody i promyshlennoye osvoyeniye. 2016 Moscow, St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossiyskaya Arktika: Korenniye narody i promyshlennoye osvoyeniye. 2016 Moscow, St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skobelev S.G. 1999 Korenniye narody Sibiri: Opyt upravleniya v Rossiyskoi imperii i SSSR (17–20 vv.). Sibirskaya zaimka. URL: https:// zaimka.ru/skobelev-governance/ (Accessed May 5, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skobelev S.G. 1999 Korenniye narody Sibiri: Opyt upravleniya v Rossiyskoi imperii i SSSR (17–20 vv.). Sibirskaya zaimka. URL: https:// zaimka.ru/skobelev-governance/ (Accessed May 5, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slezkin Y.L. 2008 Arkticheskiye zerkala Rossii i maliye narody Severa. Moscow: Novoye lit. obozr.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slezkin Y.L. 2008 Arkticheskiye zerkala Rossii i maliye narody Severa. Moscow: Novoye lit. obozr.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sovremennye etnicheskiye protsessy v SSSR. 1977 Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sovremennye etnicheskiye protsessy v SSSR. 1977 Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Staroverov V.I. 2010 Urbanizatsiya. In Sotsiologicheskiy slovar, G.V. Osipov, L.N. Moskvichev (eds.). Moscow: Norma: Infra-M, pp. 538–539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Staroverov V.I. 2010 Urbanizatsiya. In Sotsiologicheskiy slovar, G.V. Osipov, L.N. Moskvichev (eds.). Moscow: Norma: Infra-M, pp. 538–539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stas I.N. 2017 Etnichnost v protsesse urbanizatsii Rossii: Sovremennaya istoriografi ya problemy. In Problemy i perspektivy sotsialnoekonomicheskogo i etnokulturnogo razvitiya korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa. Khanty-Mansiysk: Format, pp. 246–256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stas I.N. 2017 Etnichnost v protsesse urbanizatsii Rossii: Sovremennaya istoriografi ya problemy. In Problemy i perspektivy sotsialnoekonomicheskogo i etnokulturnogo razvitiya korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa. Khanty-Mansiysk: Format, pp. 246–256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stas I.N. 2020 Issledovaniya gorodskikh identichnostey v istoricheskoy urbanistike Sibiri. Quaestio Rossica, vol. 8 (5): 1807–1821.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stas I.N. 2020 Issledovaniya gorodskikh identichnostey v istoricheskoy urbanistike Sibiri. Quaestio Rossica, vol. 8 (5): 1807–1821.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stepanov V.V. 2008 Rossiyskiy opyt etnicheskoy statistiki korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa. Demoskop, No. 319/320. URL: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0319/analit03.php (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov V.V. 2008 Rossiyskiy opyt etnicheskoy statistiki korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa. Demoskop, No. 319/320. URL: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0319/analit03.php (Accessed May 18, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urbanizatsiya i malochislenniye narody Severa Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). 2001 R.I. Donskoy (ed.). Yakutsk: Inst. Problem Malochislennykh Narodov Severa SO RAN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbanizatsiya i malochislenniye narody Severa Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). 2001 R.I. Donskoy (ed.). Yakutsk: Inst. Problem Malochislennykh Narodov Severa SO RAN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinokurova U.A. 1992 Tsennostniye orientatsii yakutov v usloviyakh urbanizatsii. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinokurova U.A. 1992 Tsennostniye orientatsii yakutov v usloviyakh urbanizatsii. Novosibirsk: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vlasov S.A. 2013 Stanovleniye i razvitiye gorodov na Dalnem Vostoke Rossii vo vtoroy polovine 20 v. Oikumena. Regionovedcheskiye issledovaniya, No. 2: 103–111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov S.A. 2013 Stanovleniye i razvitiye gorodov na Dalnem Vostoke Rossii vo vtoroy polovine 20 v. Oikumena. Regionovedcheskiye issledovaniya, No. 2: 103–111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volzhanina E.A. 2009 Sovremenniye etnosotsialniye protsessy sredi nentsev Yamala v usloviyakh promyshlennogo osvoyeniya. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kultury, No. 3: 355–358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volzhanina E.A. 2009 Sovremenniye etnosotsialniye protsessy sredi nentsev Yamala v usloviyakh promyshlennogo osvoyeniya. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kultury, No. 3: 355–358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakon Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) ot 19.12.2018 g. 2077-З No. 45-VI “O Strategii sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) do 2032 g. s tselevym videniyem do 2050 g.” (s izmeneniyami na 18.06.2020 g.). 2018 URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/550299670 (Accessed May 24, 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakon Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) ot 19.12.2018 g. 2077-З No. 45-VI “O Strategii sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) do 2032 g. s tselevym videniyem do 2050 g.” (s izmeneniyami na 18.06.2020 g.). 2018 URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/550299670 (Accessed May 24, 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zamyatina N.Y., Pilyasov A.N. 2017 Novoye mezhdistsiplinarnoye nauchnoye napravleniye: Arkticheskaya regionalnaya nauka. Region: Ekonomika i Sotsiologiya, No. 3: 3–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamyatina N.Y., Pilyasov A.N. 2017 Novoye mezhdistsiplinarnoye nauchnoye napravleniye: Arkticheskaya regionalnaya nauka. Region: Ekonomika i Sotsiologiya, No. 3: 3–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
