nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.1.029-038nsc-1386Research ArticlePALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGEПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕКKomudvany—a Final Paleolithic Site in the Lower Ob Valley: Geomorphology, Paleontology, ArchaeologyMakarovS. S.

Mira 11, Khanty-Mansiysk, 628011, Russia

sergei.s.makarov@gmail.comZolnikovI. D.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

Pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

zol@igm.nsc.ruRezvyiA. S.

Mira 11, Khanty-Mansiysk, 628011, Russia

croc74@mail.ruAnoikinA. A.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

Pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia

anui1@yandex.ruZeninV. N.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

vnzenin@gmail.comLeshchinskiyS. V.

Pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

sl@ggf.tsu.ruVasilievA. V.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

banderos2@ngs.ruMuseum of Nature and ManRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Altai State UniversityRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationTomsk State UniversityRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation2022020420225012938Copyright © Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Rezvyi A.S., Anoikin A.A., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Vasiliev A.V., 20222022Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Rezvyi A.S., Anoikin A.A., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Vasiliev A.V.Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Rezvyi A.S., Anoikin A.A., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Vasiliev A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1386

This article is devoted to the preliminary results of multidisciplinary studies at Komudvany—a site located within a “mammoth cemetery” in the Lower Ob basin. We present the excavation history, geomorphological characteristics, results of radiocarbon analysis, and descriptions of archaeological and faunal remains. According to geological and geomorphological criteria, three parts of the site are distinguished: the terrace, the promontory, and the fl oodplain. The radiocarbon analyses of bones show the chronological heterogeneity of fl oodplain fi nds. Finds from the promontory and the terrace most likely represent a single episode of habitation and butchering or collecting bones and tusks. The mammoth “cemetery” was dated to 20–12 cal ka BP. At least one episode of habitation and human activities has been registered and dated to 15–14 cal ka BP. Archaeological fi nds and series of radiocarbon dates suggest the attribution of Komudvany to the Final Paleolithic. It is the northernmost site of that period in the West Siberian Plain and, along with Lugovskoye, is a reference object for studying the early human habitation in the northern regions of Asia.

Western SiberiaFinal Paleolithicgeologygeomorphologypaleontologyradiocarbon datingThe study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 19-78-20002)ReferencesAnikovich M.V. 1992 K opredeleniyu ponyatiya “arkheologicheskaya epokha”. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 85–94.Anikovich M.V. 1992 K opredeleniyu ponyatiya “arkheologicheskaya epokha”. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 85–94.Arkhipov S.A., Volkova V.S. 1994 Geologicheskaya istoriya, landshafty i klimat pleistotsena Zapadnoy Sibiri. Novosibirsk: OIGGM SO RAN.Arkhipov S.A., Volkova V.S. 1994 Geologicheskaya istoriya, landshafty i klimat pleistotsena Zapadnoy Sibiri. Novosibirsk: OIGGM SO RAN.Astakhov V.I., Nazarov D.V. 2010 Stratigrafi ya verkhnego neopleistotsena severa Zapadnoy Sibiri i eye geokhronometricheskoye obosnovaniye. Regionalnaya geologiya i metallogeniya, No. 43: 35–37.Astakhov V.I., Nazarov D.V. 2010 Stratigrafi ya verkhnego neopleistotsena severa Zapadnoy Sibiri i eye geokhronometricheskoye obosnovaniye. Regionalnaya geologiya i metallogeniya, No. 43: 35–37.Derevianko A.P., Molodin V.I., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Mashchenko E.N. 2003 Pozdnepaleoliticheskoye mestonakhozhdeniye Shestakovo. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Derevianko A.P., Molodin V.I., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Mashchenko E.N. 2003 Pozdnepaleoliticheskoye mestonakhozhdeniye Shestakovo. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Derevianko A.P., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Mashchenko E.N. 2000 Peculiarities of mammoth accumulation at Shestakovo site in West Siberia. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 3: 42–55.Derevianko A.P., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Mashchenko E.N. 2000 Peculiarities of mammoth accumulation at Shestakovo site in West Siberia. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 3: 42–55.Fu Q., Li H., Moorjani P., Jay F., Slepchenko S.M., Bondarev A.A., Johnson P.L.F., Aximu-Petri A., Prüfer K., De Filippo C., Meyer M., Zwyns N., Salazar-García D.C., Kuzmin Y.V., Keates S.G., Kosintsev P.A., Razhev D.I., Richards M.P., Peristov N.V., Lachmann M., Douka K., Higham T.F.G., Slatkin M., Hublin J.-J., Reich D., Kelso J., Viola B., Pääbo S. 2014 Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from Western Siberia. Nature, vol. 514: 445–450.Fu Q., Li H., Moorjani P., Jay F., Slepchenko S.M., Bondarev A.A., Johnson P.L.F., Aximu-Petri A., Prüfer K., De Filippo C., Meyer M., Zwyns N., Salazar-García D.C., Kuzmin Y.V., Keates S.G., Kosintsev P.A., Razhev D.I., Richards M.P., Peristov N.V., Lachmann M., Douka K., Higham T.F.G., Slatkin M., Hublin J.-J., Reich D., Kelso J., Viola B., Pääbo S. 2014 Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from Western Siberia. Nature, vol. 514: 445–450.Kashchenko N.F. 1901 Skelet mamonta so sledami upotrebleniya nekotorykh chastey tela etogo zhivotnogo v pishchu sovremennym emu chelovekom. St. Petersburg: [Tip. Imp. Akad. nauk]. (Zap. Imp. Akademii nauk po fi z.-mat. otd-niyu; vol. XI, No. 7).Kashchenko N.F. 1901 Skelet mamonta so sledami upotrebleniya nekotorykh chastey tela etogo zhivotnogo v pishchu sovremennym emu chelovekom. St. Petersburg: [Tip. Imp. Akad. nauk]. (Zap. Imp. Akademii nauk po fi z.-mat. otd-niyu; vol. XI, No. 7).Kasparov A.K., Nekhoroshev P.E. 2018 K voprosu o vozraste i tipe verkhnepaleoliticheskikh pamyatnikov Beryozovskiy razrez 1 i 2. Zapiski IIMK RAN, No. 19: 20–35.Kasparov A.K., Nekhoroshev P.E. 2018 K voprosu o vozraste i tipe verkhnepaleoliticheskikh pamyatnikov Beryozovskiy razrez 1 i 2. Zapiski IIMK RAN, No. 19: 20–35.Khlopachev G.A., Girya E.Y. 2010 Sekrety drevnikh kostorezov Vostochnoy Yevropy i Sibiri: Priyemy obrabotki bivnya mamonta i roga severnogo olenya v kamennom veke (po arkheologicheskim i eksperimentalnym dannym). St. Petersburg: Nauka.Khlopachev G.A., Girya E.Y. 2010 Sekrety drevnikh kostorezov Vostochnoy Yevropy i Sibiri: Priyemy obrabotki bivnya mamonta i roga severnogo olenya v kamennom veke (po arkheologicheskim i eksperimentalnym dannym). St. Petersburg: Nauka.Leshchinskiy S.V., Zenin V.N., Bukharova O.V. 2021 The Volchia Griva mammoth site as a key area for geoarchaeological research of human movements in the Late Paleolithic of the West Siberian Plain. Quaternary International, vol. 587/588: 368–383.Leshchinskiy S.V., Zenin V.N., Bukharova O.V. 2021 The Volchia Griva mammoth site as a key area for geoarchaeological research of human movements in the Late Paleolithic of the West Siberian Plain. Quaternary International, vol. 587/588: 368–383.Makarov S.S., Rezvyi A.S., Gorelik V.I. 2018 Mestonakhozhdeniye Komudvany – noviy paleontologoarkheologicheskiy pamyatnik Zapadno-Sibirskoy ravniny. In Evolyutsiya zhizni na zemle: Materialy V Mezhdunar. symp., 12–15 November 2018 g. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 215–217.Makarov S.S., Rezvyi A.S., Gorelik V.I. 2018 Mestonakhozhdeniye Komudvany – noviy paleontologoarkheologicheskiy pamyatnik Zapadno-Sibirskoy ravniny. In Evolyutsiya zhizni na zemle: Materialy V Mezhdunar. symp., 12–15 November 2018 g. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 215–217.Muscheler R., Adolphi F., Heaton T.J., Ramsey C.B., Svensson A., Plicht J., van der, Reimer P.J. 2020 Testing and improving the IntCal20 calibration curve with independent records. Radiocarbon, vol. 62 (4): 1079–1094.Muscheler R., Adolphi F., Heaton T.J., Ramsey C.B., Svensson A., Plicht J., van der, Reimer P.J. 2020 Testing and improving the IntCal20 calibration curve with independent records. Radiocarbon, vol. 62 (4): 1079–1094.Pavlov A.F., Mashchenko E.N. 2001 Osobennosti tafonomii i sostava fauny mlekopitayushchikh pozdnepleistotsenovogo mestonakhozhdeniya Lugovskoye. In Evolyutsiya zhizni na Zemle: Materialy II Mezhdunar. simp., 12–15 noyab. 2001 g. Tomsk: Izd. nauch.-tekhn. lit., pp. 522–524.Pavlov A.F., Mashchenko E.N. 2001 Osobennosti tafonomii i sostava fauny mlekopitayushchikh pozdnepleistotsenovogo mestonakhozhdeniya Lugovskoye. In Evolyutsiya zhizni na Zemle: Materialy II Mezhdunar. simp., 12–15 noyab. 2001 g. Tomsk: Izd. nauch.-tekhn. lit., pp. 522–524.Pavlov P.Y. 2016 O pervonachalnom zaselenii severa Urala. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, No. 2: 50–60.Pavlov P.Y. 2016 O pervonachalnom zaselenii severa Urala. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, No. 2: 50–60.Petrin V.T. 1986 Paleoliticheskiye pamyatniki Zapadno-Sibirskoy ravniny. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Petrin V.T. 1986 Paleoliticheskiye pamyatniki Zapadno-Sibirskoy ravniny. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Pitulko V.V. 2016 Svidetelstva rannego rasseleniya cheloveka v Arkticheskoy oblasti Yevrazii: Noviye nakhodki i perspektivy issledovaniy. In Arkheologia Arktiki, iss. 3. Kaliningrad: ROS-DOAFK, pp. 91–116.Pitulko V.V. 2016 Svidetelstva rannego rasseleniya cheloveka v Arkticheskoy oblasti Yevrazii: Noviye nakhodki i perspektivy issledovaniy. In Arkheologia Arktiki, iss. 3. Kaliningrad: ROS-DOAFK, pp. 91–116.Pitulko V.V., Nikolskiy P.A., Girya E.Y., Basilyan A.E., Tumskoy V.E., Koulakov S.A., Astakhov S.N., Pavlova E.Y., Anisimov M.A. 2004 The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the last glaciation. Science, vol. 303: 52–56.Pitulko V.V., Nikolskiy P.A., Girya E.Y., Basilyan A.E., Tumskoy V.E., Koulakov S.A., Astakhov S.N., Pavlova E.Y., Anisimov M.A. 2004 The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the last glaciation. Science, vol. 303: 52–56.Pitulko V.V., Pavlova E.Y., Nikolsky P.A. 2015 Obrabotka bivnya mamonta v verkhnem paleolite Arkticheskoy Sibiri (po materialam Yanskoy stoyanki). Stratum Plus, No. 1: 223–283.Pitulko V.V., Pavlova E.Y., Nikolsky P.A. 2015 Obrabotka bivnya mamonta v verkhnem paleolite Arkticheskoy Sibiri (po materialam Yanskoy stoyanki). Stratum Plus, No. 1: 223–283.Serikov Y.B. 2007 Garinskaya paleoliticheskaya stoyanka i nekotoriye voprosy uralskogo paleolitovedeniya. Nizhniy Tagil: Izd. Nizhnetagil. Gos. Sots.-Ped. Akademii. Seuru S., Leshchinskiy S., Auguste P., Fedyaev N. 2017 Woolly mammoth and man at Krasnoyarskaya kurya site, West Siberian plain, Russia (excavation results of 2014). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, vol. 188 (1/2):1–13.Serikov Y.B. 2007 Garinskaya paleoliticheskaya stoyanka i nekotoriye voprosy uralskogo paleolitovedeniya. Nizhniy Tagil: Izd. Nizhnetagil. Gos. Sots.-Ped. Akademii. Seuru S., Leshchinskiy S., Auguste P., Fedyaev N. 2017 Woolly mammoth and man at Krasnoyarskaya kurya site, West Siberian plain, Russia (excavation results of 2014). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, vol. 188 (1/2):1–13.Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., Demidov I., Dowdeswell J.A., Funder S., Gataullin V., Henriksena M., Hjorti C., Houmark-Nielsenj M., Hubberten H.W., Ingolfsson O., Jakobsson M., Kjaer K.H., Larsen E., Lokrantz H., Lunkka J.P., Lys A., Mangerud J., Matiouchkov A., Murrayr A., Moller P., Niessen F., Nikolskaya O., Polyak L., Saarnisto M., Siegert C., Siegert M.J., Spielhagen R.F., Stein R. 2004 Late Quaternary ice sheet history of Northern Eurasia. Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 23: 1229–1271.Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., Demidov I., Dowdeswell J.A., Funder S., Gataullin V., Henriksena M., Hjorti C., Houmark-Nielsenj M., Hubberten H.W., Ingolfsson O., Jakobsson M., Kjaer K.H., Larsen E., Lokrantz H., Lunkka J.P., Lys A., Mangerud J., Matiouchkov A., Murrayr A., Moller P., Niessen F., Nikolskaya O., Polyak L., Saarnisto M., Siegert C., Siegert M.J., Spielhagen R.F., Stein R. 2004 Late Quaternary ice sheet history of Northern Eurasia. Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 23: 1229–1271.Svendsen J.I., Pavlov P. 2003 Mamontovaya Kurya: An enigmatic, nearly 40 000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic. In The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications: proceedings of Symposium 6.1 of the XIVth Congress of the UISPP (University of Liege, Belgium, September 2–8, 2001). Lisboa: Instituto Português de Arqueologia, pp. 109–120.Svendsen J.I., Pavlov P. 2003 Mamontovaya Kurya: An enigmatic, nearly 40 000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic. In The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications: proceedings of Symposium 6.1 of the XIVth Congress of the UISPP (University of Liege, Belgium, September 2–8, 2001). Lisboa: Instituto Português de Arqueologia, pp. 109–120.Velichko A.A., Vasiliev S.A., Gribchenko Y.N., Kurenkova E.I. 2014 Etapy pervichnogo osvoyeniya chelovekom Arktiki i Subarktiki. In Pervonachalnoye zaseleniye Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoy sredy. Moscow: Geos, pp. 422–446.Velichko A.A., Vasiliev S.A., Gribchenko Y.N., Kurenkova E.I. 2014 Etapy pervichnogo osvoyeniya chelovekom Arktiki i Subarktiki. In Pervonachalnoye zaseleniye Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoy sredy. Moscow: Geos, pp. 422–446.Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Zolotarev K.V., Grootes P.M., Nadeau M.-J. 2006 Lugovskoe: Geoarcheology and culture of a Paleolithic site. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 25 (1): 41–53.Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Zolotarev K.V., Grootes P.M., Nadeau M.-J. 2006 Lugovskoe: Geoarcheology and culture of a Paleolithic site. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 25 (1): 41–53.Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Filatov E.A., Vybornov A.V., Vasiliev A.V., Postnov A.V., Zotkina L.V. 2021 New evidence of the Late Neopleistocene peopling of the Lower Ob Valley. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 49 (1): 9–20.Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Filatov E.A., Vybornov A.V., Vasiliev A.V., Postnov A.V., Zotkina L.V. 2021 New evidence of the Late Neopleistocene peopling of the Lower Ob Valley. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 49 (1): 9–20.Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Makarov S.S., Postnov A.V., Rezvyi A.S., Glushkova N.V., Bychkov D.A., Tupakhin D.S., Vybornov A.V. 2020 O vozmozhnykh putyakh migratsii cheloveka na territoriyu Nizhnego Priobya v kamennom veke. Stratum Plus, No. 1:137–146.Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Makarov S.S., Postnov A.V., Rezvyi A.S., Glushkova N.V., Bychkov D.A., Tupakhin D.S., Vybornov A.V. 2020 O vozmozhnykh putyakh migratsii cheloveka na territoriyu Nizhnego Priobya v kamennom veke. Stratum Plus, No. 1:137–146.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.