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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.3.003-015</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-1493</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕК</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Aktas—an “Ephemeral” Upper Paleolithic Site in North Kazakhstan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-2259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anoikin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher</p><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090,</p><p>Pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anui1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-7072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klementiev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Researcher, Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090,</p><p>Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klem-al@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-3882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zotkina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Senior Researcher, ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory, CNRS – IAET SB RAS, IRL 2013</p><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090,</p><p>Kutateladze 7/3, Novosibirsk, 630090</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lidiazotkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-6202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Senior Researcher, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, </p><p>Staromonetny per. 29, bldg. 4, Moscow, 119017</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurbanov@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-6888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharevich</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher</p><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihalich84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-0818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bocharova.e@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-0600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taimagambetov</surname><given-names>Z. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Researcher</p><p>Pr. Tauelsizdik 54, Nur-Sultan, 010000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhaken.taimagambetov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Altai State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory, CNRS – IAET SB RAS, IRL 2013</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-4"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University;&#13;
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-5"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-6"><institution>National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Anoikin A.A., Klementiev A.M., Zotkina L.V., Kurbanov R.N., Kharevich V.M., Bocharova E.N., Taimagambetov Z.K., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Anoikin A.A., Klementiev A.M., Zotkina L.V., Kurbanov R.N., Kharevich V.M., Bocharova E.N., Taimagambetov Z.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anoikin A.A., Klementiev A.M., Zotkina L.V., Kurbanov R.N., Kharevich V.M., Bocharova E.N., Taimagambetov Z.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1493">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1493</self-uri><abstract><p>This paper presents new findings from field studies at Aktas, an Upper Paleolithic site first excavated in 1982 and 1983. It is located in North Kazakhstan, where Paleolithic sites are quite rare. We describe the stratigraphy, paleontology, archaeology, and chronology of Aktas. Six lithological layers are distinguished, two of which (3 and 4) abound in faunal remains. Chronology was generated from a new series of OSL-ages. The accumulation of layer 2 took place between ca 20–12 ka ago, whereas layers 3 and 4 were formed ca 50–30 ka ago. A side-scraper, made of imported flint, was found. The bulk of the faunal complex relates to large ungulates such as Pleistocene horse (Equus ferus), woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis), and mountain sheep (Ovis ammon). Some bones bear traces of deliberate fragmentation and dismemberment using stone tools. These facts, along with the taphocenotic indicators (species composition, absence of traces of predator activity, etc.), as well as the location and stratigraphy of the site, allow us to conclude that the faunal assemblages at this location are anthropogenic. Traces of human occupation are scarce, suggesting that Aktas is an “ephemeral” site, attesting to human presence in that territory during the Late Pleistocene, but revealing no cultural indicators. The findings picture Aktas as a kill-site—the place where the prey was butchered and consumed. This is the only such site known in the area to date. The number of lithics is too small for cultural attribution. However, the estimated age suggests that North Kazakhstan was peopled as early as the beginning of MIS3, corresponding to the early stages of the Upper Paleolithic.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>North Kazakhstan</kwd><kwd>Upper Paleolithic</kwd><kwd>Upper Pleistocene</kwd><kwd>paleontology</kwd><kwd>traceology</kwd><kwd>OSL-dating</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 21-78-10146, “Upper Paleolithic Mosaic: Cultural and Technological Variability of Lithic Industries in the Piedmont Zones of Northern Central Asia During the Second Half of the Late Pleistocene”)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abramova Z.A., Matyushchenko V.I. 1973 Novye dannye o Tomskoi paleoliticheskoi stoyanke. In Iz istorii Sibiri, iss. 5. Tomsk: Tomsk. 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