nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.129-141nsc-1701Research ArticleETHNOLOGYFrom the History of Ethnographic Studies in the Yenisei Region: F.A. Fjelstrup’s Siberian MaterialsNaumovaO. B.

Leninsky pr. 32a, Moscow, 119334

olganaumova@mail.ruOktyabrskayaI. V.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

siem405@yandex.ruInstitute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202313072023512129141Copyright © Naumova O.B., Oktyabrskaya I.V., 20232023Naumova O.B., Oktyabrskaya I.V.Naumova O.B., Oktyabrskaya I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1701

This article describes the works of Theodor (Fedor) Fjelstrup (1889–1933)—a Russian ethnographer, one of those who laid the groundwork for the systematic studies of the Turkic world of Central Asia. We used materials from the archives of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS (F.A. Fjelstrups’ holding): the diary of the Minusinsk- Abakan 1920 Expedition and the notebook. We discuss the hitherto unknown episodes in the ethnographic studies of the Yenisei region, the foundation of the Institute for the Study of Siberia, the organization and work of the Minusinsk-Abakan 1920 Expedition, whose records we introduce, and its route. Data on settlements, utensils, clan structures, systems of kinship, family rites, folklore, and shamanic beliefs are analyzed. Using the historical approach, Fjelstrup traced the dynamism of the Khakas culture, being one of the fi rst to discuss the syncretism of their beliefs. Using materials of the Minusinsk-Abakan Expedition, we demonstrate that he implemented a comprehensive approach combining linguistic, ethnographic, and anthropological evidence. This scholarly tradition, which was widely practiced in the 20th century, maintains its importance in future studies of the Turkic groups of Central Asia.

Institute for the Study of SiberiaMinusinsk-Abakan ExpeditionKhakas traditional cultureF.A. Fjelstrup’s archivesethnographythe Khakas peopleReferencesAdrianov A.V. 1909 Ayran v zhizni minusinskogo inorodtsa. In Zapiski Imp. Rus. geogr. obshchestva po otdeleniyu etnografii, vol. 34. St. Petersburg: [Tip. V.F. Kirshbauma], pp. 489–524.Adrianov A.V. 1909 Ayran v zhizni minusinskogo inorodtsa. In Zapiski Imp. Rus. geogr. obshchestva po otdeleniyu etnografii, vol. 34. St. Petersburg: [Tip. V.F. Kirshbauma], pp. 489–524.Berezovikov N.N. 2017 Ivan Mikhailovich Zalesskiy (1897–1938) – Sibirskiy ornitolog, khudozhnik-animalist i odin iz sozdateley Tomskogo ornitologicheskogo obshchestva. Russkiy ornitologicheskiy zhurnal, vol. 26 (1481): 3241–3267.Berezovikov N.N. 2017 Ivan Mikhailovich Zalesskiy (1897–1938) – Sibirskiy ornitolog, khudozhnik-animalist i odin iz sozdateley Tomskogo ornitologicheskogo obshchestva. Russkiy ornitologicheskiy zhurnal, vol. 26 (1481): 3241–3267.Burnakov V.A. 2006 Dukhi Srednego mira v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Burnakov V.A. 2006 Dukhi Srednego mira v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Burnakov V.A. 2008 Puteshestviye v “mir mertvykh”: Misteriya khakasskogo shamana Makara Tomozakova. Problemy istorii, filologii, kultury, No. 22: 607–617.Burnakov V.A. 2008 Puteshestviye v “mir mertvykh”: Misteriya khakasskogo shamana Makara Tomozakova. Problemy istorii, filologii, kultury, No. 22: 607–617.Burnakov V.A. 2010 The Yzykh in the context of traditional Khakassian beliefs. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 2: 111–121.Burnakov V.A. 2010 The Yzykh in the context of traditional Khakassian beliefs. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 2: 111–121.Burnakov V.A. 2020 Fetishi-tyosy v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov (konets XIX – seredina XX v.). Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Burnakov V.A. 2020 Fetishi-tyosy v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov (konets XIX – seredina XX v.). Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Butanaev V.Y. 1986 Pochitaniye tyosey u khakasov. In Traditsionnaya kultura narodov Tsentralnoy Azii. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 89–112.Butanaev V.Y. 1986 Pochitaniye tyosey u khakasov. In Traditsionnaya kultura narodov Tsentralnoy Azii. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 89–112.Butanaev V.Y. 1999 Khakassko-russkiy istoriko-etnograficheskiy slovar. Abakan: Khakasiya.Butanaev V.Y. 1999 Khakassko-russkiy istoriko-etnograficheskiy slovar. Abakan: Khakasiya.Butanaev V.Y. 2006 Traditsionniy shamanizm Khongoraya. Abakan: Izd. Khak. Gos. Univ.Butanaev V.Y. 2006 Traditsionniy shamanizm Khongoraya. Abakan: Izd. Khak. Gos. Univ.Efremova N.I. 1972 Obrazovaniye i pravovoye polozheniye Khakasskogo natsionalnogo uyezda. In Aktualniye voprosy gosudarstva i prava. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 3–11. (Trudy Tom. Gos. Univ.; Ser. yur.; vol. 216).Efremova N.I. 1972 Obrazovaniye i pravovoye polozheniye Khakasskogo natsionalnogo uyezda. In Aktualniye voprosy gosudarstva i prava. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 3–11. (Trudy Tom. Gos. Univ.; Ser. yur.; vol. 216).Fjelstrup F.A. 1926 Svadebniye zhilishcha turetskikh narodnostey. In Materialy po etnografi i, vol. 3 (1). Leningrad: Izd. Gos. Russkogo muzeya, pp. 111–122.Fjelstrup F.A. 1926 Svadebniye zhilishcha turetskikh narodnostey. In Materialy po etnografi i, vol. 3 (1). Leningrad: Izd. Gos. Russkogo muzeya, pp. 111–122.Fjelstrup F.A. 1930 Molochniye produkty turkov-kochevnikov. In Kazaki. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 263–301. (Sbornik statey antropologicheskogo otryada Kazakstanskoy ekspeditsii AN SSSR. 1927 g.; iss. 15).Fjelstrup F.A. 1930 Molochniye produkty turkov-kochevnikov. In Kazaki. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 263–301. (Sbornik statey antropologicheskogo otryada Kazakstanskoy ekspeditsii AN SSSR. 1927 g.; iss. 15).Fjelstrup F.A. 2002 Iz obryadovoy zhizni kirgizov nachala XX veka. Moscow: Nauka.Fjelstrup F.A. 2002 Iz obryadovoy zhizni kirgizov nachala XX veka. Moscow: Nauka.Gubaeva S.S., Karmysheva B.K. 2002 F.A. Fjelstrup i yego issledovaniya sredi kirgizov. In Fjelstrup F.A. Iz obryadovoy zhizni kirgizov nachala XX veka. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 3–13.Gubaeva S.S., Karmysheva B.K. 2002 F.A. Fjelstrup i yego issledovaniya sredi kirgizov. In Fjelstrup F.A. Iz obryadovoy zhizni kirgizov nachala XX veka. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 3–13.Karmysheva B.K. 1988 Etnograficheskoye izucheniye narodov Sredney Azii i Kazakhstana v 1920-ye gody (Poleviye issledovaniya F.A. Fjelstrupa). In Ocherki istorii russkoy etnografi i, folkloristiki i antropologii, iss. 10. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 38–62.Karmysheva B.K. 1988 Etnograficheskoye izucheniye narodov Sredney Azii i Kazakhstana v 1920-ye gody (Poleviye issledovaniya F.A. Fjelstrupa). In Ocherki istorii russkoy etnografi i, folkloristiki i antropologii, iss. 10. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 38–62.Karmysheva B.K. 2002 Ot tropicheskikh lesov Amazonki do tsentralnoaziatskikh stepey: Zhiznenniy put F.A. Fjelstrupa. In Repressirovanniye etnografy, iss. I. [2nd edition]. Moscow: Vost. lit., pp. 152–163.Karmysheva B.K. 2002 Ot tropicheskikh lesov Amazonki do tsentralnoaziatskikh stepey: Zhiznenniy put F.A. Fjelstrupa. In Repressirovanniye etnografy, iss. I. [2nd edition]. Moscow: Vost. lit., pp. 152–163.Katanov N.F. 1897 Otchet o poyezdke, sovershennoy s 15 maya po 1 sentyabya 1896 g. v Minusinskiy okrug Yeniseiskoy gubernii. Kazan: [Tipo-lit. Imp. Kazan. Univ.].Katanov N.F. 1897 Otchet o poyezdke, sovershennoy s 15 maya po 1 sentyabya 1896 g. v Minusinskiy okrug Yeniseiskoy gubernii. Kazan: [Tipo-lit. Imp. Kazan. Univ.].Kiryushin Y.F., Tishkin A.A., Shmidt O.G. 2004 Zhiznenniy put Sergeya Ivanovicha Rudenko (1885–1969). In Zhiznenniy put, tvorchestvo, nauchnoye naslediye Sergeya Ivanovicha Rudenko i deyatelnost yego kolleg. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 9–21.Kiryushin Y.F., Tishkin A.A., Shmidt O.G. 2004 Zhiznenniy put Sergeya Ivanovicha Rudenko (1885–1969). In Zhiznenniy put, tvorchestvo, nauchnoye naslediye Sergeya Ivanovicha Rudenko i deyatelnost yego kolleg. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 9–21.Kitova L.Y. 2010 Sergey Aleksandrovich Teploukhov. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, No. 2: 166–173.Kitova L.Y. 2010 Sergey Aleksandrovich Teploukhov. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, No. 2: 166–173.Klements D.A. 1892 Zametka o tyusyakh. In Izvestiya Vost.-Sib. otdeleniya Imp. Rus. geogr. obshchestva, vol. XXIII (4/5). Irkutsk: [s.n.], pp. 23–35.Klements D.A. 1892 Zametka o tyusyakh. In Izvestiya Vost.-Sib. otdeleniya Imp. Rus. geogr. obshchestva, vol. XXIII (4/5). Irkutsk: [s.n.], pp. 23–35.Kon F.Y. 2019 Osnovaniye Minusinskogo muzeya glazami F.Y. Kona. In Muzeyevedcheskoye naslediye Severnoy Azii: Trudy muzeyevedov XIX – nachala XX veka. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 184–210.Kon F.Y. 2019 Osnovaniye Minusinskogo muzeya glazami F.Y. Kona. In Muzeyevedcheskoye naslediye Severnoy Azii: Trudy muzeyevedov XIX – nachala XX veka. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 184–210.Kononov A.N. 1972 V.V. Radlov i otechestvennaya tyurkologiya. In Tyurkologicheskiy sbornik. 1971. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 7–15.Kononov A.N. 1972 V.V. Radlov i otechestvennaya tyurkologiya. In Tyurkologicheskiy sbornik. 1971. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 7–15.Kormushin I.V., Nasilov D.M. 1978 O zhizni i tvorchestve S.E. Malova. In Tyurkologicheskiy sbornik. 1975. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 5–11.Kormushin I.V., Nasilov D.M. 1978 O zhizni i tvorchestve S.E. Malova. In Tyurkologicheskiy sbornik. 1975. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 5–11.Kyzlasov L.R. 1983 V Sibir nevedomuyu za pismenami tainstvennymi. In Puteshestviya v drevnost. Moscow: Izd. Mosk. Gos. Univ., pp. 16–49.Kyzlasov L.R. 1983 V Sibir nevedomuyu za pismenami tainstvennymi. In Puteshestviya v drevnost. Moscow: Izd. Mosk. Gos. Univ., pp. 16–49.Levin M.G. 1947 Dmitriy Nikolaevich Anuchin (1843–1923). In Trudy Instituta etnografi i im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya. New series. Vol. I: Pamyati D.N. Anuchina (1843–1923). Moscow, Leningrad: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 1–13.Levin M.G. 1947 Dmitriy Nikolaevich Anuchin (1843–1923). In Trudy Instituta etnografi i im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya. New series. Vol. I: Pamyati D.N. Anuchina (1843–1923). Moscow, Leningrad: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 1–13.Malov S.E. 1909 Neskolko slov o shamanstve u turetskogo naseleniya Kuznetskogo uyezda Tomskoy gubernii. Zhivaya starina. God 18, iss. 2/3: 38–41.Malov S.E. 1909 Neskolko slov o shamanstve u turetskogo naseleniya Kuznetskogo uyezda Tomskoy gubernii. Zhivaya starina. God 18, iss. 2/3: 38–41.Malov S.E., Fjelstrup F.A. 1928 K izucheniyu turetskikh abakanskikh narechiy. Zapiski Kollegii vostokovedov pri Aziatskom muzeye Akademii nauk SSSR, vol. 3 (2): 289–304.Malov S.E., Fjelstrup F.A. 1928 K izucheniyu turetskikh abakanskikh narechiy. Zapiski Kollegii vostokovedov pri Aziatskom muzeye Akademii nauk SSSR, vol. 3 (2): 289–304.Molodin V.I. 2015 Ocherki istorii sibirskoy arkheologii. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN. Naumova O.B. 2006a Arkhiv rossiyskogo uchenogo-etnografa F.A. Fjelstrupa. Vestnik arkhivista, No. 2/3: 196–212.Molodin V.I. 2015 Ocherki istorii sibirskoy arkheologii. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN. Naumova O.B. 2006a Arkhiv rossiyskogo uchenogo-etnografa F.A. Fjelstrupa. Vestnik arkhivista, No. 2/3: 196–212.Naumova O.B. 2006b Kazakhskiy baksy: Istoriya odnoy fotografi i (publikatsiya materialov F.A. Fjelstrupa po kazakhskomu shamanstvu). Etnografi cheskoye obozreniye, No. 6: 77–85.Naumova O.B. 2006b Kazakhskiy baksy: Istoriya odnoy fotografi i (publikatsiya materialov F.A. Fjelstrupa po kazakhskomu shamanstvu). Etnografi cheskoye obozreniye, No. 6: 77–85.Nekrylov S.A., Fominykh S.F., Markevich N.G., Litvinov A.V. 2012 Institut issledovaniya Sibiri i izuchenye istorii, arkheologii i etnografii regiona (1919–1920 gg.). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, No. 365: 77–81.Nekrylov S.A., Fominykh S.F., Markevich N.G., Litvinov A.V. 2012 Institut issledovaniya Sibiri i izuchenye istorii, arkheologii i etnografii regiona (1919–1920 gg.). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, No. 365: 77–81.Professora Tomskogo universiteta: Biografi cheskiy slovar (1980–2003). 2003 Vol. 4 (2). Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ.Professora Tomskogo universiteta: Biografi cheskiy slovar (1980–2003). 2003 Vol. 4 (2). Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ.Pshenichnaya M.N., Bokovenko N.A. 2002 Osnovniye etapy zhizni i tvorchestva Mikhaila Petrovicha Gryaznova (1902–1984). In Stepi Yevrazii v drevnosti i Srednevekovye: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya M.P. Gryaznova, bk. I. St. Petersburg: Izd. Gos. Ermitazha, pp. 19–28.Pshenichnaya M.N., Bokovenko N.A. 2002 Osnovniye etapy zhizni i tvorchestva Mikhaila Petrovicha Gryaznova (1902–1984). In Stepi Yevrazii v drevnosti i Srednevekovye: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya M.P. Gryaznova, bk. I. St. Petersburg: Izd. Gos. Ermitazha, pp. 19–28.Rudkovskaya M.A. 2004 S.I. Rudenko – issledovatel Minusinskoy kotloviny. In Zhiznenniy put, tvorchestvo, nauchnoye naslediye Sergeya Ivanovicha Rudenko i deyatelnost yego kolleg. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 36–42.Rudkovskaya M.A. 2004 S.I. Rudenko – issledovatel Minusinskoy kotloviny. In Zhiznenniy put, tvorchestvo, nauchnoye naslediye Sergeya Ivanovicha Rudenko i deyatelnost yego kolleg. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 36–42.Shibaeva Y.A. 1979 Vliyaniye khristianizatsii na religiozniye verovaniya khakasov (religiozniy sinkretizm khakasov). In Khristianstvo i lamaizm u korennogo naseleniya Sibiri (vtoraya polovina XIX – nachalo XX v.). Leningrad: Nauka, pp. 180–196.Shibaeva Y.A. 1979 Vliyaniye khristianizatsii na religiozniye verovaniya khakasov (religiozniy sinkretizm khakasov). In Khristianstvo i lamaizm u korennogo naseleniya Sibiri (vtoraya polovina XIX – nachalo XX v.). Leningrad: Nauka, pp. 180–196.Simakov G.N. 1998 Sokolinaya okhota i kult khishchnykh ptits v Sredney Azii: Ritualniye i prakticheskiye aspekty. St. Petersburg: Peterburg. vostokovedeniye.Simakov G.N. 1998 Sokolinaya okhota i kult khishchnykh ptits v Sredney Azii: Ritualniye i prakticheskiye aspekty. St. Petersburg: Peterburg. vostokovedeniye.Trudy syezda po organizatsii Instituta issledovaniya Sibiri. 1919 Pt. I–IV. Tomsk: [Tip. Sibirskogo Tovarishchestva pechatnogo dela i Doma trudolyubiya]. Tyurkskiye narody Sibiri. 2006 Moscow: Nauka, 2006.Trudy syezda po organizatsii Instituta issledovaniya Sibiri. 1919 Pt. I–IV. Tomsk: [Tip. Sibirskogo Tovarishchestva pechatnogo dela i Doma trudolyubiya]. Tyurkskiye narody Sibiri. 2006 Moscow: Nauka, 2006.Usmanova M.S. 1982 Dokhristianskiye verovaniya khakasov v kontse XIX – nachale XX v.: Opyt istoriko-etnografi cheskogo issledovaniya. Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Tomsk.Usmanova M.S. 1982 Dokhristianskiye verovaniya khakasov v kontse XIX – nachale XX v.: Opyt istoriko-etnografi cheskogo issledovaniya. Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Tomsk.Yakovlev E.K. 1900 Etnografi cheskiy obzor inorodcheskogo naseleniya doliny Yuzhnogo Yeniseya i obyasnitelniy katalog Etnografi cheskogo otdela Muzeya. [s.n.].Yakovlev E.K. 1900 Etnografi cheskiy obzor inorodcheskogo naseleniya doliny Yuzhnogo Yeniseya i obyasnitelniy katalog Etnografi cheskogo otdela Muzeya. [s.n.].Zhurnaly zasedaniy soveta Instituta issledovaniya Sibiri (13 noyabrya 1919 g. – 16 sentyabrya 1920 g.). 2008 Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ. URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/ vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000341800. Accessed November 29, 2022.Zhurnaly zasedaniy soveta Instituta issledovaniya Sibiri (13 noyabrya 1919 g. – 16 sentyabrya 1920 g.). 2008 Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ. URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/ vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000341800. Accessed November 29, 2022.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.