References

nsc

Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia

Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии

1563-0110

IAET SB RAS

nsc-195

Research Article

PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE

ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕК

Hominin-Carnivore Adaptive Strategies in Western Europe During the Early Pleistocene

Адаптационные стратегии гомининов и хищников на территории Западной Европы в раннем плейстоцене

Гарсиа Гаррига

Х.

Garcia Garriga

jgarc338@xtec.cat

Мартинес

К.

Martínez

kmartine@xtec.cat

Ираведра

Х.

Yravedra

joyravedra@hotmail.com

Каталонский институт палеоэкологии человека и социальной эволюции, Испания Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifi ci W3), Campus Sescelades URV, 43007, Tarragona, Spain Университет Ровира и Виргили, Испания Universitat Rovira i Virgili Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain Государственный открытый университет Каталонии, Испания Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) Avinguda del Tibidabo 39−43, 08035, Barcelona, SpainРоссияInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifi ci W3), Campus Sescelades URV, 43007, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) Avinguda del Tibidabo 39−43, 08035, Barcelona, SpainRussian Federation

Каталонский институт палеоэкологии человека и социальной эволюции, Испания Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifi ci W3), Campus Sescelades URV, 43007, Tarragona, Spain Университет Ровира и Виргили, Испания Universitat Rovira i Virgili Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, SpainРоссияInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifi ci W3), Campus Sescelades URV, 43007, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, SpainRussian Federation

Мадридский университет Комплутенсе, Испания Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Dpt. Prehistoria, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, 28040, Madrid, SpainРоссияUniversidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Dpt. Prehistoria, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, 28040, Madrid, SpainRussian Federation

2016

30062016

4421929

2016

Гарсиа Гаррига Х., Мартинес К., Ираведра Х.

Garcia Garriga J., Martínez K., Yravedra J.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/195

The fi rst peopling of Europe has been widely discussed for the last decades. The many fi ndings recorded in recent years have confirmed that Europe was occupied by hominins during the Early Pleistocene for over a million years. However, several issues are still questioned in the current debate about the fi rst peopling of Europe, including the continuity or discontinuity of this event. In this regard, a revision of the available zooarchaeological evidence for the Early Pleistocene in Europe is proposed in this article, discussing the infl uence on hominin behavior of meat-resource acquisition. The faunal evidence recovered from the European sites shows that hominins had access to a variety of meat resources, from small animals such as birds and reptiles to large variability of mammals like hippopotamuses and ungulates of varying sizes. This fossil record also suggests that hominins overcame the predation pressure exerted by hyaenids and felids, which competed for these same natural resources. The climatic fl uctuations which characterized this period, as well as the diversity of ecosystems found in the Mediterranean area and in the whole continent, make meat consumption a key resource concerning the adaptive possibilities of local hominins. Thus, the persistence and expansion of hominin settlement throughout Europe during the Early Pleistocene may have depended on the overcoming of these constraining factors, on the basis of the social cohesion of the groups and their capacity to provide with a Mode 1 technology a regular supply of meat resources.

Многие материалы, обнаруженные в последние годы, свидетельствуют о том, что заселение Европы гомининами в эпоху раннего плейстоцена происходило на протяжении более миллиона лет. По некоторым вопросам первоначального заселения европейского континента, в частности о том, был ли этот процесс последовательным и постоянным или прерывался, возникают споры среди специалистов. В статье дается обзор доступных зооархеологических материалов раннего плейстоцена, открытых на территории Европы, и обсуждается вопрос о влиянии добычи мясных ресурсов на поведенческие особенности гомининов. Наличие фаунистических остатков на европейских стоянках указывает на то, что гоминины имели доступ к разнообразным источникам пищи животного происхождения: от мелких животных (птицы, рептилии) до крупных млекопитающих (гиппопотамы, копытные), а также побеждали в конкурентной борьбе с хищниками, такими как гиены и кошачьи за одни и те же природные ресурсы. Климатические колебания, характерные для исследуемого периода, а также разнообразие экосистем, выявленных в Средиземноморском регионе и на континенте в целом, сделали потребление мяса основным условием жизнедеятельности в рамках адаптационных возможностей местных гомининов. Таким образом, непрерывность обитания гомининов в Европе в течение раннего плейстоцена могла зависеть от социальной сплоченности групп и их способности регулярно обеспечивать себя запасами мяса.

ранний плейстоценЗападная Европанепрерывность популяциистратегии жизнеобеспечения гомининпотребление мяса

Early PleistoceneWestern Europepopulation continuityhominin subsistence strategiesmeat consumption

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.