nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2024.52.4.085-097nsc-2018Research ArticlePALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGEПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕКHuman Remains from a Neolithic Burial at Krokhalevka-5 on the Upper Ob: Physical Type and Originhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-1369ChikishevaТ. A.

Department Head

pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

 

chikishevata@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-7413KishkurnoM. S.

Junior Researcher

pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

kishkurno_maria@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-8575MarchenkoZ. V.

Senior Researcher

pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

afrika_77@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-2272GrishinA. E.

Senior Researcher

pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

artem-grishin@mail.ruInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2024130120255248597Copyright © Chikisheva Т.A., Kishkurno M.S., Marchenko Z.V., Grishin A.E., 20252025Chikisheva Т.A., Kishkurno M.S., Marchenko Z.V., Grishin A.E.Chikisheva Т.A., Kishkurno M.S., Marchenko Z.V., Grishin A.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/2018

We describe the skeletal remains of a male, aged 25–30, from the Neolithic burial 33 at Krokhalevka-5 in the Upper Ob basin, 21 km northwest of Novosibirsk, dating to the mid-5th millennium BC. Craniometric, dental metric, and nonmetric traits are analyzed. Cranial measurements are evaluated in the context of their variation in 58 individuals representing 11 local populations of the Paleolithic and Neolithic of Northern Eurasia. Data were processed using the principal component analysis in the STATISTICA 10 software. The first PC differentiates crania in terms of general size. The structure of loadings on PC2 indicates the presence of western and eastern trait combinations. The position of individuals on PC1 and PC2 reveals heterogeneity apparently caused by the conservatism of the underlying substratal populations. The Krokhalevka-5 individual is closest to those from Firsovo XI (Barnaul stretch of the Ob) and Zarechnoye-1 (Salair region). They are rather similar to the Volosovo individual from Sakhtysh-2A in Central Russia and a Kitoy individual from Fofanovo in the Trans-Baikal area. These findings point to a complex origin of the Upper Ob population on the basis of one of the evolutionarily conservative Mesolithic or Neolithic substratal components, possibly admixed with more consolidated eastern and western ones introduced by migration. Neolithic crania from Baraba contrast with those from the Upper Ob, suggesting that different substrates were involved in the population history of those regions.

NeolithicburialUpper Ob regionanthropological compositionnon-consolidated morphological complexindividual variationprincipal component analysisThe study was carried out under the project “Comprehensive Studies of the Ancient Cultures of Siberia and Adjacent Territories: Chronology, Technologies, Adaptation, and Cultural Ties” (FWZG-2022-0006)ReferencesAkimova M.S. 1953 Noviye paleoantropologicheskiye nakhodki epokhi neolita na territorii lesnoy polosy yevropeiskoy chasti SSSR. KSIE, iss. 18: 55–65.Akimova M.S. 1953 Noviye paleoantropologicheskiye nakhodki epokhi neolita na territorii lesnoy polosy yevropeiskoy chasti SSSR. KSIE, iss. 18: 55–65.Alekseev V.P. 1961 Paleoantropologiya Altaye-Sayanskogo nagorya epokhi neolita i bronzy. In Antropologicheskiy sbornik III. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 107–206. (TIE. Nov. ser.; vol. 71). Alekseev V.P. 1966 Osteometriya: Metodika antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. Moscow: Nauka.Alekseev V.P. 1961 Paleoantropologiya Altaye-Sayanskogo nagorya epokhi neolita i bronzy. In Antropologicheskiy sbornik III. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 107–206. (TIE. Nov. ser.; vol. 71). Alekseev V.P. 1966 Osteometriya: Metodika antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. Moscow: Nauka.Alekseev V.P., Gokhman I.I. 1984 Rezultaty ekspertizy nadezhnosti kraniometricheskikh pokazateley antropologicheskikh materialov iz mogilnika na Yuzhnom ostrove Onezhskogo ozera. In Problemy drevnego i sovremennogo naseleniya severa Yevrazii. St. Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 155–188.Alekseev V.P., Gokhman I.I. 1984 Rezultaty ekspertizy nadezhnosti kraniometricheskikh pokazateley antropologicheskikh materialov iz mogilnika na Yuzhnom ostrove Onezhskogo ozera. In Problemy drevnego i sovremennogo naseleniya severa Yevrazii. St. Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 155–188.Alekseeva T.A., Denisova R.Y., Kozlovskaya M.V., Kostyleva E.L., Krainov D.A., Lebedinskaya G.V., Utkin A.V., Fedosova V.N. 1997 Neolit lesnoy polosy Vostochnoy Yevropy: (Antropologiya sakhtyshskikh stoyanok). Moscow: Nauch. mir.Alekseeva T.A., Denisova R.Y., Kozlovskaya M.V., Kostyleva E.L., Krainov D.A., Lebedinskaya G.V., Utkin A.V., Fedosova V.N. 1997 Neolit lesnoy polosy Vostochnoy Yevropy: (Antropologiya sakhtyshskikh stoyanok). Moscow: Nauch. mir.Bagashev A.N. 2003 Noviye materialy k antropologii neoliticheskogo naseleniya Zapadnoy Sibiri. In Gorizonty antropologii. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 438–446.Bagashev A.N. 2003 Noviye materialy k antropologii neoliticheskogo naseleniya Zapadnoy Sibiri. In Gorizonty antropologii. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 438–446.Chikisheva T.A. 2012 Dinamika antropologicheskoy differentsiatsii naseleniya yuga Zapadnoy Sibiri v epokhi neolita – rannego zheleza. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Chikisheva T.A. 2012 Dinamika antropologicheskoy differentsiatsii naseleniya yuga Zapadnoy Sibiri v epokhi neolita – rannego zheleza. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.Chikisheva T.A., Pozdnyakov D.V. 2016 Osobennosti makrostruktury skeleta v paleopopulyatsii neoliticheskogo mogilnika Vengerovo-2A v Barabinskoy lesostepi. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, No. 4: 124–138.Chikisheva T.A., Pozdnyakov D.V. 2016 Osobennosti makrostruktury skeleta v paleopopulyatsii neoliticheskogo mogilnika Vengerovo-2A v Barabinskoy lesostepi. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, No. 4: 124–138.Chikisheva T.A., Pozdnyakov D.V. 2021 The peopling of the Baraba forest-steppe in the Neolithic: Cranial evidence. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 49 (1): 133–145. (In Russian and English).Chikisheva T.A., Pozdnyakov D.V. 2021 The peopling of the Baraba forest-steppe in the Neolithic: Cranial evidence. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 49 (1): 133–145. (In Russian and English).Chikisheva T.A., Pozdnyakov D.V., Zubova A.V. 2015 Kraniologicheskiye osobennosti paleopopulyatsii neoliticheskogo mogilnika Vengerovo-2A v Barabinskoy lesostepi. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, No. 2: 144–162.Chikisheva T.A., Pozdnyakov D.V., Zubova A.V. 2015 Kraniologicheskiye osobennosti paleopopulyatsii neoliticheskogo mogilnika Vengerovo-2A v Barabinskoy lesostepi. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, No. 2: 144–162.Debets G.F. 1953 K paleoantropologii Urala. KSIE, iss. 18: 66–68.Debets G.F. 1953 K paleoantropologii Urala. KSIE, iss. 18: 66–68.Debets G.F. 1956 Drevniy cherep iz Yakutii. KSIE, iss. 25: 60–63.Debets G.F. 1956 Drevniy cherep iz Yakutii. KSIE, iss. 25: 60–63.Dremov V.A. 1986 Izmereniya cherepov i skeletov iz neoliticheskikh mogilnikov Ust-Isha i Itkul (Verkhneye Priobye). In Problemy antropologii drevnego i sovremennogo naseleniya Sovetskoy Azii. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 56–74.Dremov V.A. 1986 Izmereniya cherepov i skeletov iz neoliticheskikh mogilnikov Ust-Isha i Itkul (Verkhneye Priobye). In Problemy antropologii drevnego i sovremennogo naseleniya Sovetskoy Azii. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 56–74.Dremov V.A. 1997 Naseleniye Verkhnego Priobya v epokhu bronzy. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ.Dremov V.A. 1997 Naseleniye Verkhnego Priobya v epokhu bronzy. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ.Gerasimova M.M. 1964 Neoliticheskiye pogrebeniya u Dolgogo ozera (Kansk). Voprosy antropologii, iss. 18: 135–143.Gerasimova M.M. 1964 Neoliticheskiye pogrebeniya u Dolgogo ozera (Kansk). Voprosy antropologii, iss. 18: 135–143.Gerasimova M.M. 1992 Cherepa iz Fofanovskogo mogilnika (r. Oka, Selenga). In Drevnosti Baikala. Irkutsk: Izd. Irkut. Gos. Univ., pp. 97–111.Gerasimova M.M. 1992 Cherepa iz Fofanovskogo mogilnika (r. Oka, Selenga). In Drevnosti Baikala. Irkutsk: Izd. Irkut. Gos. Univ., pp. 97–111.Gerasimova M.M., Pezhemsky D.V. 2005 Mezoliticheskiy chelovek iz Peschanitsy: Kompleksniy antropologicheskiy analiz. Moscow: IEA RAN.Gerasimova M.M., Pezhemsky D.V. 2005 Mezoliticheskiy chelovek iz Peschanitsy: Kompleksniy antropologicheskiy analiz. Moscow: IEA RAN.Khokhlov A.A. 2017 Morfogeneticheskiye protsessy v Volgo-Uralye v epokhu rannego golotsena (po kraniologicheskim materialam mezolita– bronzovogo veka). Samara: Samar. Gos. Sots.-Ped. Univ.Khokhlov A.A. 2017 Morfogeneticheskiye protsessy v Volgo-Uralye v epokhu rannego golotsena (po kraniologicheskim materialam mezolita– bronzovogo veka). Samara: Samar. Gos. Sots.-Ped. Univ.Kiryushin K.Y., Kiryushin Y.F., Solodovnikov K.N., Frolov Y.V., Shapetko E.V., Schmidt A.V. 2021 K voprosu ob otnositelnoy i absolyutnoy khronologii rannikh pogrebeniy gruntovogo mogilnika Firsovo XI (Barnaulskoye Priobye). Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii, No. 3 (54): 20–33.Kiryushin K.Y., Kiryushin Y.F., Solodovnikov K.N., Frolov Y.V., Shapetko E.V., Schmidt A.V. 2021 K voprosu ob otnositelnoy i absolyutnoy khronologii rannikh pogrebeniy gruntovogo mogilnika Firsovo XI (Barnaulskoye Priobye). Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii, No. 3 (54): 20–33.Klementieva T.Y., Pogodin A.A. 2020 Pogrebalnaya praktika naseleniya basseyna Kondy v mezolite i neolite. Samarskiy nauchniy vestnik, vol. 9, No. 1 (30): 131–141.Klementieva T.Y., Pogodin A.A. 2020 Pogrebalnaya praktika naseleniya basseyna Kondy v mezolite i neolite. Samarskiy nauchniy vestnik, vol. 9, No. 1 (30): 131–141.Kungurova N.Y., Chikisheva T.A. 2002 Rezultaty issledovaniya neoliticheskogo mogilnika Solontsy-5 na r. Biya. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. VIII. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 121–129.Kungurova N.Y., Chikisheva T.A. 2002 Rezultaty issledovaniya neoliticheskogo mogilnika Solontsy-5 na r. Biya. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. VIII. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 121–129.Levin M.G. 1953 Drevniy cherep s r. Shilki, KSIE, iss. 18: 69–75.Levin M.G. 1953 Drevniy cherep s r. Shilki, KSIE, iss. 18: 69–75.Levin M.G. 1956 Antropologicheskiy material iz Verkholenskogo mogilnika. In Antropologicheskiy sbornik I. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 299–339. (TIE. Nov. ser.; vol. 33).Levin M.G. 1956 Antropologicheskiy material iz Verkholenskogo mogilnika. In Antropologicheskiy sbornik I. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 299–339. (TIE. Nov. ser.; vol. 33).Mamonova N.N. 1969 Novaya paleoantropologicheskaya nakhodka na bolote Berendeevo. In Golotsen. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 145–151.Mamonova N.N. 1969 Novaya paleoantropologicheskaya nakhodka na bolote Berendeevo. In Golotsen. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 145–151.Marchenko Z.V., Grishin A.E., Chikisheva T.A., Kishkurno M.S. (In press) Neolithic burial in the northern Upper Ob region. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia.Marchenko Z.V., Grishin A.E., Chikisheva T.A., Kishkurno M.S. (In press) Neolithic burial in the northern Upper Ob region. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia.Molodin V.I. 1977 Epokha neolita i bronzy lesostepnogo Ob-Irtyshya. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Molodin V.I. 1977 Epokha neolita i bronzy lesostepnogo Ob-Irtyshya. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Oshibkina S.V., Belanovskaya T.D., Bzhaniya V.V., Gurina N.N., Zaitseva G.I., Zimina M.P., Konstantinov M.V., Kosarev M.F., Krainov D.A., Krizhevskaya L.Y., Potushnyak M.F., Smirnov A.S., Telegin D.Y., Timofeev V.I., Khlobystin L.P., Khotinsky N.A., Chernysh E.K. 1996 Neolit Severnoy Yevrazii. Moscow: Nauka.Oshibkina S.V., Belanovskaya T.D., Bzhaniya V.V., Gurina N.N., Zaitseva G.I., Zimina M.P., Konstantinov M.V., Kosarev M.F., Krainov D.A., Krizhevskaya L.Y., Potushnyak M.F., Smirnov A.S., Telegin D.Y., Timofeev V.I., Khlobystin L.P., Khotinsky N.A., Chernysh E.K. 1996 Neolit Severnoy Yevrazii. Moscow: Nauka.Pezhemsky D.V. 2011 Izmenchivost prodolnykh razmerov trubchatykh kostey cheloveka i vozmozhnosti rekonstruktsii teloslozheniya: Cand. Sc. (Biology) Dissertation. NII i Muzey antropologii MGU. Moscow.Pezhemsky D.V. 2011 Izmenchivost prodolnykh razmerov trubchatykh kostey cheloveka i vozmozhnosti rekonstruktsii teloslozheniya: Cand. Sc. (Biology) Dissertation. NII i Muzey antropologii MGU. Moscow.Polosmak N.V., Chikisheva T.A., Balueva T.S. 1989 Neoliticheskiye mogilniki Severnoy Baraby. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Polosmak N.V., Chikisheva T.A., Balueva T.S. 1989 Neoliticheskiye mogilniki Severnoy Baraby. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Shevchenko A.V. 1986 Antropologiya yuzhnorusskikh stepey v epokhu bronzy. In Antropologiya sovremennogo i drevnego naseleniya yevropeiskoy chasti SSSR. St. Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 121–215.Shevchenko A.V. 1986 Antropologiya yuzhnorusskikh stepey v epokhu bronzy. In Antropologiya sovremennogo i drevnego naseleniya yevropeiskoy chasti SSSR. St. Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 121–215.Shpakova E.G., Mylnikova L.N. 1998 Sluchaynaya kraniologicheskaya nakhodka iz Verkhnego Priobya (Toguchinskiy rayon, Inya-4). In Sibir v panorame tysyacheletiy: Materialy Mezhdunar. simp., vol. 1. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 693–701.Shpakova E.G., Mylnikova L.N. 1998 Sluchaynaya kraniologicheskaya nakhodka iz Verkhnego Priobya (Toguchinskiy rayon, Inya-4). In Sibir v panorame tysyacheletiy: Materialy Mezhdunar. simp., vol. 1. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 693–701.Solodovnikov K.N., Tur S.S. 2017 K antropologii neoliticheskogo naseleniya Barnaulskogo Priobya (po materialam mogilnika Firsovo XI). Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i, No. 3 (38): 60–72.Solodovnikov K.N., Tur S.S. 2017 K antropologii neoliticheskogo naseleniya Barnaulskogo Priobya (po materialam mogilnika Firsovo XI). Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i, No. 3 (38): 60–72.Vasiliev S.V., Veselovskaya E.V., Galeev R.M., Grigorieva O.M., Konstantinov M.V., Pestryakov A.P., Borutskaya S.B. 2018 Antropologicheskoye issledovaniye neoliticheskikh pamyatnikov Zabaikalya (pad Tokuy, Zhindo, Ust-Menza). Sibirskiye istoricheskiye issledovaniya, No. 3: 107–138.Vasiliev S.V., Veselovskaya E.V., Galeev R.M., Grigorieva O.M., Konstantinov M.V., Pestryakov A.P., Borutskaya S.B. 2018 Antropologicheskoye issledovaniye neoliticheskikh pamyatnikov Zabaikalya (pad Tokuy, Zhindo, Ust-Menza). Sibirskiye istoricheskiye issledovaniya, No. 3: 107–138.Vinogradov A.V., Itina M.A., Yablonsky L.T. 1986 Drevneisheye naseleniye Yuzhnogo Priaralya: Arkheologopaleoantropologicheskoye issledovaniye. Moscow: Nauka. (Trudy KhAEE; vol. XV).Vinogradov A.V., Itina M.A., Yablonsky L.T. 1986 Drevneisheye naseleniye Yuzhnogo Priaralya: Arkheologopaleoantropologicheskoye issledovaniye. Moscow: Nauka. (Trudy KhAEE; vol. XV).Yablonsky L.T. 1992 Paleoantropologicheskiye materialy k voprosu o formirovanii uralskoy rasy (mellyatamakskiye mogilniki). In Materialy k antropologii Uralskoy rasy. Ufa: Izd. UrO RAN, pp. 135–149.Yablonsky L.T. 1992 Paleoantropologicheskiye materialy k voprosu o formirovanii uralskoy rasy (mellyatamakskiye mogilniki). In Materialy k antropologii Uralskoy rasy. Ufa: Izd. UrO RAN, pp. 135–149.Yablonsky L.T. 2002 Vosstanovleniye litsa po cherepu cheloveka iz pogrebeniya na stoyanke Shiderty-3 i problema rannego rasogeneza na territorii Kazakhstana. In Izucheniye pamyatnikov arkheologii Pavlodarskogo Priirtyshya. Pavlodar: Eko, pp. 44–63.Yablonsky L.T. 2002 Vosstanovleniye litsa po cherepu cheloveka iz pogrebeniya na stoyanke Shiderty-3 i problema rannego rasogeneza na territorii Kazakhstana. In Izucheniye pamyatnikov arkheologii Pavlodarskogo Priirtyshya. Pavlodar: Eko, pp. 44–63.Yakimov V.P. 1960 Antropologicheskiye materialy iz neoliticheskogo mogilnika na Yuzhnom Olenyem ostrove. In Sbornik MAE, vol. XIX. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 221–359.Yakimov V.P. 1960 Antropologicheskiye materialy iz neoliticheskogo mogilnika na Yuzhnom Olenyem ostrove. In Sbornik MAE, vol. XIX. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 221–359.Zakh V.A. 2023 Vertikalniye zakhoroneniya Severnoy Yevrazii. Uralskiy istorichesky vestnik, No. 3 (80): 82–92.Zakh V.A. 2023 Vertikalniye zakhoroneniya Severnoy Yevrazii. Uralskiy istorichesky vestnik, No. 3 (80): 82–92.Zubov A.A., Khaldeeva N.I. 1993 Odontologiya v antropofenetike. Moscow: Nauka.Zubov A.A., Khaldeeva N.I. 1993 Odontologiya v antropofenetike. Moscow: Nauka.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.