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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2016.44.3.087-092</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-219</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE METAL AGES AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПОХА ПАЛЕОМЕТАЛЛА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Modeling the Deformation of Bone Points: Archaeological and Experimental Data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моделирование процессов деформации костяных наконечников по данным археологии и эксперимента</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородовский</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodovsky</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">altaicenter2011@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Табарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tabarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olmec@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Borodovsky A.P., Tabarev A.V., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бородовский А.П., Табарев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borodovsky A.P., Tabarev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/219">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/219</self-uri><abstract><p>Bone and horn tools are a highly informative category of artifacts. Variously sized and shaped projectile (spear, harpoon, arrow, and dart) points spanning the periods from the Paleolithic to the recent centuries are of special importance. In this article, we review the most noteworthy directions in Western (European and North American) experimental research done in the 20th and early 21st century, outline the results of our own experiments in using bone points, and discuss parallels among Siberian and Eastern European prehistoric cultures. In our experiments with an archery bow, special attention was paid to fastening the arrowhead to the shaft and to properties of the material (bone and horn). Most experimenters believe that deformation of bone points is a reliable indicator of their artifi cial nature and of the ways they were used in hunting (projectile versus skin dressing), warfare, or ritual activities. The latter include symbolic shooting at rock drawings before hunting and at landscape features such as crevices and trees, as exemplified by a ritual practiced by Californian Native Americans.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Орудия из кости и рога – одна из интереснейших и высокоинформативных категорий инструментов в мировой археологической науке. Особое место среди них занимают разнообразные по форме и размерам наконечники копий, стрел и дротиков, которые датируются в самом широком хронологическом диапазоне (палеолит, неолит, эпоха бронзы, железный век, этнографическое время). В настоящей статье авторы приводят обзор наиболее интересных направлений исследований зарубежных (европейских, американских) специалистов XX – начала XXI в., результаты собственных экспериментов по использованию костяных наконечников, а также обращаются к кругу аналогий в археологических материалах древних культур Сибири и европейской части России. В своих экспериментальных исследованиях (с применением спортивного лука) специальное внимание они уделили способам крепления наконечника к древку и особенностям структуры исходного материала (кость, рог). Деформация костяного наконечника, по мнению большинства специалистов-экспериментаторов, является одним из надежных признаков искусственного происхождения этого предмета, а ее характер – основанием для предположений об использовании наконечников в охотничьей (поражение дичи, обработка шкур), военной (межплеменные столкновения и конфликты) или ритуальной практике. К ритуалам, в частности, относятся символическое поражение наскальных изображений перед предстоящей охотой, стрельба по специфическим целям или элементам ландшафта (расщелинам скал, деревьям). В качестве примера такого применения приведен культовый объект индейцев в Калифорнии (Северная Америка).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>археология</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>костяные наконечники</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd><kwd>охота</kwd><kwd>ритуал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Archaeology</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>projectiles</kwd><kwd>bone points</kwd><kwd>deformation</kwd><kwd>hunting</kwd><kwd>ritual</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородовский А.П. Древнее косторезное дело юга Западной Сибири. – Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 1997. – 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ancient and Modern Bone Artefacts from America to Russia: Cultural, Technological and Functional Signature. 2010 Oxford: BAR. (BAR Intern. 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