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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2025.53.4.101-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-2335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE METAL AGES AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПОХА ПАЛЕОМЕТАЛЛА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Triunity of Images in Pazyryk Artistic Woodcarving</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mylnikov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mylnikov V.P., Leading Researcher,</p><p>pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mylnikov@archaeology.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>53</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Mylnikov V.P., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Mylnikov V.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mylnikov V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/2335">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/2335</self-uri><abstract><p>The triunity of phenomena, features, images, and objects is a universal principle known since the earliest times and manifested in many ancient artifacts. The most expressive examples relate to objects of art made of metal, bone, and wood. Here we focus on Pazyryk wooden artifacts blending zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, and fantastic images rendered in bas relief, composite, and sculptural carving. Examples demonstrate their merging into a coherent semantic whole. Central images combine three different representations such as griffin, horse, and deer. They functioned as ornaments of composite horse harness and of female headgear. In pommels of “royal” staffs of tribal chiefs, they were markers of supreme power. Also, such artifacts may have played an apotropaic role.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pazyryk artistic carving</kwd><kwd>triunity of images</kwd><kwd>comparative typological analysis</kwd><kwd>technological analysis</kwd><kwd>functional analysis</kwd><kwd>functions of artistic carving</kwd><kwd>polysemanticity of triunity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out under the Project “Siberia and Adjacent Territories: Study and Reconstruction of the Historical and Cultural Past” (FWZG-2025-0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beisenov A.Z., Dzhumabekova G.A., Duisenbay D.B., Akhiyarov I.K. 2017 Vikhreviye kompozitsii v iskusstve sakov Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana. 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