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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2017.45.1.121-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ И ПАЛЕОГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Morphology of Permanent Molars from the Paleolithic Layers of Denisova Cave</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологическая характеристика постоянных моляров из палеолитических слоев Денисовой пещеры</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubova_al@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикишева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chikisheva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chikisheva@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуньков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shunkov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shunkov@archaeology.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Zubova A.V., Chikisheva T.A., Shunkov M.V., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зубова А.В., Чикишева Т.А., Шуньков М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zubova A.V., Chikisheva T.A., Shunkov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/258">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/258</self-uri><abstract><p>The article describes the morphology of two permanent molars from the Pleistocene layers of Denisova Cave, the Altai Mountains. Denisova 4 is an upper left third or second molar, and Denisova 8 is an upper left third molar. Both specimens were examined using the extended trait battery. Results indicate a high informative potential of dental traits for the analysis of group variation within the genus Homo. They support the view that Denisovans, or H. altaiensis, were a distinct group of hominins differing from both H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis not only genetically but morphologically as well. The distinctive dental features of Denisovans include extremely large dimensions and affi nities with Homo erectus of Sangiran and the Middle Pleistocene hominins of China such as Xujiayao. Based on the morphological analysis of Denisovan upper molars, it is proposed that the unidentifi ed part of the Denisovan genome may stem from Homo erectus. Dentally, Homo altaiensis is a veryconservative taxon.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье анализируется морфология двух постоянных зубов, обнаруженных в плейстоценовых слоях Денисовой пещеры в Горном Алтае. Образец Денисова 4 представляет собой верхний левый третий (второй?) моляр, Денисова 8 – верхний левый третий моляр. Обе находки были обследованы по расширенной одонтологической программе. Результаты проведенного исследования продемонстрировали высокий уровень значимости одонтологических данных для анализа межгрупповой дифференциации в пределах рода Homo. Они подтверждают, что денисовцы или H. altaiensis составляют особую группу гомининов, которая отличается от H. sapiens и H. neanderthalensis не только генетически, но и морфологически. Одонтологическая специфика денисовцев заключается в мегадонтизме и наличии признаков, сближающих эти находки с эректусами Сангирана и среднеплейстоценовыми гомининами Китая, которым принадлежала стоянка Суйцзиайяо. Анализ морфологии верхних моляров денисовца также позволил сделать предположение о таксономической принадлежности неидентифицированной части денисовского генома представителям вида H. erectus. Выявленные особенности зубной системы H. altaiensis свидетельствуют о том, что он представлял собой крайне консервативную форму.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>денисовцы</kwd><kwd>Homo altaiensis</kwd><kwd>Homo erectus</kwd><kwd>Homo neanderthalensis</kwd><kwd>средний/верхний палеолит</kwd><kwd>одонтология.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Denisovans</kwd><kwd>Homo altaiensis</kwd><kwd>Homo erectus</kwd><kwd>Homo neanderthalensis</kwd><kwd>Middle Paleolithic</kwd><kwd>Upper Paleolithic</kwd><kwd>dental anthropology.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Деревянко А.П. 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