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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2017.45.3.029-040</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ART. THE STONE AGE AND THE METAL AGES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСКУССТВО КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА И ЭПОХИ МЕТАЛЛА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>From Chauvet to Lascaux: 15,000 Years of Cave Art</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>От Шове до Ляско: 15 тысячелетий европейского пещерного искусства (изменение видения, выразительных средств и способов использования пространства)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Женест</surname><given-names>Ж.-М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geneste</surname><given-names>J.-M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire,CS 50023 33615 PESSAC CEDEX, France</p><p>ул. Пирогова, 1, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire CS 50023 33615 PESSAC CEDEX, France</p><p>Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeanmichelgeneste@orange.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательское подразделение 5199 Национального центра научных исследований&#13;
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UMR 5199 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux&#13;
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Новосибирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>UMR 5199 CNRS, University of Bordeaux&#13;
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Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Geneste J., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Женест Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Geneste J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>The earliest art of Western Europe was evolving together with the Homo sapiens population of hunter-gatherers in the glacial environment of the northern hemisphere over the entire Upper Paleolithic (36–13 ka BP). The most important rock art sites, such as Altamira and La Garma in Spain, and Lascaux, Niaux, Cussac, and Chauvet in France, are relevant to the socio-cultural behavior and needs of anatomically modern humans. In this paper, we intend to identify certain changes in the symbolic language, in the ways animals are rendered, and in the layout of artistic space over 15,000 years separating the two key rock art galleries with the best preserved representations: Chauvet (36 ka BP) and Lascaux (21 ka BP). Chauvet, discovered in 1994, is located in the Ardèche Valley near the Mediterranean coast. In this large cave, numerous new kinds of Upper Paleolithic rock art were documented, spanning two distinct occupation periods between 37,000–30,000 years ago. The early stage is the Aurignacian with black zoomorphic paintings, dating to 37,000–33,500 BP. Lascaux, discovered in 1940, is situated in the Vézère Valley, 120 km away from the Atlantic coast, among a large cluster of rupestral art sites in caves and rock shelters. Today, the cave is closed for the public because intense tourist activities over many years from its discovery until 1963 have disrupted the microclimate of the cave and endangered the paintings.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Первобытное искусство Западной Европы, представленное на разных археологических объектах, развивалось вместе с популяцией Homo sapiens в условиях ледникового периода в северном полушарии в течение всего верхнего палеолита (36–13 тыс. л.н.). Наиболее примечательные пещерные памятники наскального искусства, такие как Альтамира и Ла Гарма в Испании, Ляско, Нио, Кюссак и Шове во Франции, отражают социокультурное поведение и потребности анатомически современных людей. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка выявить некоторые изменения в символическом языке, способах художественной передачи образов животных и организации изобразительного пространства, которые произошли в течение 15 тыс. лет, разделяющих два канонических памятника с наиболее хорошо сохранившимися наскальными рисунками, – пещеры Шове (36 тыс. л.н.) и Ляско (21 тыс. л.н.). Первая, обнаруженная в 1994 г., расположена в долине р. Ардеш на юге Франции, рядом с побережьем Средиземного моря. В этой крупной пещере открыто множество новых видов наскальной живописи верхнего палеолита Европы. В настоящий момент на памятнике выделяются два этапа деятельности человека между 37 и 30 тыс. л.н. Наиболее древний – это ориньяк с его черными зооморфными изображениями, которые датируются 37 000 и 33 500 л.н. Пещера Ляско, обнаруженная в 1940 г., находится в долине р. Везер, в 120 км от побережья Атлантического океана, среди множества других памятников наскальной живописи в пещерах и под скальными навесами. Сегодня она закрыта для широкой публики, т.к. вследствие активных посещений туристами в течение долгих лет, начиная с открытия и до 1963 г., был нарушен микроклимат пещеры, что стало угрожать сохранности наскальных рисунков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Западная Европа</kwd><kwd>наскальное искусство</kwd><kwd>пещеры</kwd><kwd>искусство ледникового периода</kwd><kwd>верхний палеолит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Western Europe</kwd><kwd>rock art</kwd><kwd>caves</kwd><kwd>Ice Age art</kwd><kwd>Upper Paleolithic.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aujoulat N. 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