References

nsc

Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia

Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии

1563-0110

IAET SB RAS

nsc-33

Research Article

PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE

ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕК

MECHANISMS SHAPING THE TRANSITION TO FARMING IN EUROPE AND THE NORTH AMERICAN WOODLAND

РАЗЛИЧИЯ В МЕХАНИЗМАХ ПЕРЕХОДА К ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЮ В ЛЕСНОЙ ЗОНЕ ЕВРОПЫ И СЕВЕРНОЙ АМЕРИКИ

Леммен

К.

Lemmen

доктор наук, старший научный сотрудник

carsten.lemmen@hzg.de

Центр Гельмгольца в Геестхахте – Центр изучения материалов и исследования побережья, Германия Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht – Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyГерманияInstitute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, GermanyGermany

2013

15032016

5534858

2016

Леммен К.

Lemmen C.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/33

Despite the fact that Europe and Eastern North America both have similar woodland environments, the emergence of agriculture in these areas proceeded very differently varying in timing, speed, and mechanism. To analyze the different subsistence paths the Global Land Use and Technological Evolution Simulator was used, a numerical model for simulating demography, innovation, domestication, migration and trade within the geoenvironmental context. I demonstrate how Europe receives a large package of foreign domesticates and converts rapidly. In contrast, trajectories relating to Eastern North America exhibit a gradual transition in which hunting and gathering and agropastoralism coexist for a long period of time, and agriculture is integrated slowly into the existing subsistence scheme. I deduce from this a qualitative economic difference in the two regional transitions: limited population size in Europe, limited resources in Eastern North America.

Несмотря на сходные природные условия лесной зоны, возникновение и распространение производящего хозяйства в восточной части Северной Америки и Европе происходили по-разному. Для объяснения различий в сроках, скорости и механизмах перехода в работе используется моделирующая система мирового землепользования и технологической эволюции – численная модель для моделирования демографии, инноваций, доместикации, миграций и торговли в геоэкологическом контексте. Показано, что европейское население получило комплекс окультуренных видов растений и животных с других территорий и быстро перешло к производящему хозяйству. В отличие от Европы, в восточной части Северной Америки охота–собирательство и земледелие–скотоводство сосуществовали в течение длительного времени, а земледелие мед-ленно интегрировалось в уже существующую систему жизнеобеспечения. Из этого делается вывод о качественном экономическом различии в переходе к земледелию в данных регионах: ограниченных людских ресурсах в Европе и ограниченных природных ресурсах в восточной части Северной Америки.

раннее земледелие«неолитический пакет»население доколумбовой Америкиадаптивная динамикасоциально-технологическая модельэкодинамика человека

Early agricultureNeolithic packagepre-Columbian populationadaptive dynamicssociotechnological modelhuman ecodynamics

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.