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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.1.147-156</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-569</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ И ПАЛЕОГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Long-Bone Growth in the Bronze Age Skeletal Population of Gonur-Depe, Turkmenistan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рост длинных костей у населения Гонур-депе (бронзовый век, Туркменистан)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-8998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куфтерин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kufterin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirkufterin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ и Музей антропологии им. Д.Н. Анучина Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kufterin V.V., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куфтерин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kufterin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/569">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/569</self-uri><abstract><p>This article presents some results of the analysis of long-bone growth rate in the sub-adult skeletal population from Gonur-Depe — a Bronze Age proto-urban center in Turkmenistan, the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex. The sample includes 130 skeletons of sub-adults (735 skeletal elements) from burials in the “ruins” of the palace-temple ensemble, excavated in 2010–2015. The results indicate a signifi cant retardation of long-bone growth relative to modern standards. The individual variation is considerable. The retardation is maximal in the leg bones (especially femur and fi bula), and minimal in the forearm bones. The latter fact is confi rmed by the sub-adult to adult bone length ratio. The smallest lag in growth rates is observed in children aged from birth to 2–3 years. This was apparently due not only to optimal nutrition (breast-feeding), but also to a more stable genetic determination of growth during this period. The lag is greater in age cohorts showing stress markers, such as porotic hyperostosis and enamel hypoplasia. Retardation of skeletal maturity in this group is interpreted not as a symptom of maladaptation, but as a result of a complex process of adapting to the totality of environmental factors. The comparison of the paleodemographic, paleopathological, and “paleoauxological” data confi rms that the ancient population of the Murghab oasis was well adapted to the environment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлены результаты изучения темпов продольного роста длинных костей у населения протогородского центра бронзового века Гонур-депе (Бактрийско-Маргианский археологический комплекс, Туркменистан). Исследованы останки 130 неполовозрелых индивидов (735 скелетных элементов) из захоронений в «руинах» дворцово-храмового комплекса, раскопанных в 2010–2015 гг. Обследованная детско-подростковая выборка характеризуется довольно существенным отставанием в росте длинных костей по сравнению с современными стандартами (размах индивидуальных вариаций при этом значителен). В наибольшей степени это демонстрируют кости ног (особенно бедренная и малоберцовая), в наименьшей – предплечья. Последнее подтверждается соотношением продольных параметров детских костей и дефинитивных размеров во взрослой группе. Наименьшее отставание в росте сегментов конечностей характерно для детей в возрасте от рождения до 2–3 лет. Данный факт объясняется не только оптимальным питанием (грудное вскармливание), но и устойчивой генетической детерминацией роста в этот период. Большее отставание характерно для возрастных когорт, в которых чаще фиксировались индикаторы стресса (поротический гиперостоз, гипоплазия эмали). Ретардация скелетной зрелости в изученной популяции трактуется не как проявление дезадаптации, а как результат сложного процесса приспособления населения к комплексу факторов окружающей среды. Сопоставление данных палеодемографии, палеопатологии и «палеоауксологических» характеристик подтверждает выводы о хорошей адаптированности древнего населения Мургабского оазиса к среде обитания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>палеоауксология</kwd><kwd>рост длинных костей</kwd><kwd>неполовозрелые индивиды</kwd><kwd>бронзовый век</kwd><kwd>Гонур-депе</kwd><kwd>Туркменистан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Paleoauxology</kwd><kwd>skeletal growth</kwd><kwd>sub-adults</kwd><kwd>Bronze Age</kwd><kwd>Gonur-Depe</kwd><kwd>Turkmenistan</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РГНФ (проект № 16-01-00288а «Палеоантропологическое изучение памятника эпохи бронзы Гонур-депе (Туркменистан)»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алтухов Н.В. 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