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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.027-037</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE METAL AGES AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПОХА ПАЛЕОМЕТАЛЛА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Technical and Social Innovations: A New Field of Research</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Технические и социальные инновации: новая область исследований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хансен</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">svend.hansen@dainst.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Германский археологический институт</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Deutsches Archäologisches Institut</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Hansen S., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хансен С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hansen S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/756">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/756</self-uri><abstract><p>The grand narrative of cultural developments claims that all technical achievements in prehistory stemmed from urban centres in Mesopotamia and Egypt. But current studies, for instance on the oldest wagons, have opened up space for alternative working hypotheses and models: modern radiocarbon dating of complexes that revealed the cited innovations, e.g. the oldest wagons, functional metal tools, and an advanced copper metallurgy, which predate their fi rst appearance in Mesopotamia, questions the role of this region in the development of technology. Possibly Mesopotamian cities operated rather as a melting pot of numerous innovations obtained from different areas, which were then re-combined and placed into a different context. The North Caucasus, in particular the Early Bronze Age Maykop culture, is an exemplary candidate for such an interactive process in technical developments. The Maykop culture has been known in research for 120 years, and its genesis is supposed to have originated in Mesopotamia. This is an archaeological narrative meant to explain the high technical state of the Maykop culture. In the light of the new chronology based on a relatively small number of radiocarbon dates, a re-examination and alternative models are necessary. It is obvious that this culture developed a highly innovative potential in metalworking and sheep breeding and fulfi lled an important function as mediator in knowledge transfer between the Eurasian steppe and Upper Mesopotamia. Recent aDNA studies support this view.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Считается, что все древнейшие технические достижения уходят корнями в урбанистические центры Месопотамии и Египта. Однако недавние исследования, например изучение древних повозок, открыли горизонты для других рабочих гипотез и моделей. Современные методики радиоуглеродного датирования позволили выявить комплексы с признаками инноваций, таких как старейшие повозки, функциональные металлические орудия и развитая цветная металлургия, которые относятся к периоду ранее появления последних в Месопотамии, что вызывает сомнения относительно роли этого региона в развитии технологий. Возможно, города Месопотамии служили «плавильными котлами», где многочисленные инновации из разных мест перемешивались и помещались в другой контекст. Северный Кавказ, в частности район распространения майкопской культуры в раннем бронзовом веке, является одним из мест, где происходили такие интерактивные процессы технического развития. Предполагается, что корни майкопской культуры уходят в Месопотамию. В настоящей статье рассматривается высокий уровень развития технологий в этой культуре. В свете новой хронологии, основанной на относительно небольшом количестве радиоуглеродных дат, предлагаются повторное рассмотрение имеющихся данных и альтернативные модели развития. Очевидно, что майкопская культура обеспечила большой инновационный потенциал в области металлообработки и овцеводства и выполняла функцию распространения знаний между степями Евразии и Верхней Месопотамией. Недавние исследования древней ДНК подтверждают эту точку зрения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инновации</kwd><kwd>ранний бронзовый век</kwd><kwd>Кавказ</kwd><kwd>повозка</kwd><kwd>лук</kwd><kwd>топор с отверстием для насада</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Innovations</kwd><kwd>Early Bronze Age</kwd><kwd>Caucasus</kwd><kwd>wagon</kwd><kwd>composite bow</kwd><kwd>shaft-hole axe</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бронзовый век: Европа без границ: каталог выставки / ред. Ю.Ю. Пиотровский. – СПб.: Чистый лист, 2013. – 648 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бронзовый век: Европа без границ: каталог выставки / ред. Ю.Ю. 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