nscArchaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of EurasiaАрхеология, этнография и антропология Евразии1563-0110IAET SB RAS10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.4.003-015nsc-824Research ArticlePALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGEПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕКA Neanderthal Refugium in the Eastern Adriatichttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-3188VishnevskiyA. V.

Head of the Central Siberian Geological Museum.

Pr Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090

vishnevsky@igm.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-2077PavlenokK. K.

Deputy Director.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

pavlenok-k@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-3345KozlikinM. B.

Researcher.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

kmb777@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-0399UlyanovV. A.

Senior Researcher.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090; Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991

v.a.ulyanov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-8331DereviankoA. P.

Scientifi c Director.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

derev@archaeology.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-2308ShunkovM. V.

Chief Researcher, Department Head.

Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090

shunkov77@gmail.comSobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation201930122019474315Copyright © Vishnevskiy A.V., Pavlenok K.K., Kozlikin M.B., Ulyanov V.A., Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., 20202020Vishnevskiy A.V., Pavlenok K.K., Kozlikin M.B., Ulyanov V.A., Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V.Vishnevskiy A.V., Pavlenok K.K., Kozlikin M.B., Ulyanov V.A., Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/824

On the basis of mineralogical analysis of the tephra layer in the Bioce rock shelter in Montenegro, we revise the cultural and population changes in the eastern Adriatic at the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The disappearance of Neanderthals from that region was traditionally attributed to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption ~40 ka BP. Comprehensive studies at Bioce by the Russian-Montenegrin expedition in 2010-2015 have resulted in a hypothesis that a Neanderthal refugium existed in the Balkans. We list the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the Pleistocene sequence of the site and describe four main strata. Petrographic and x-ray phase analyses and scanning electron microscopy suggest that minerals from samples of ground from horizon 1.3 are of volcanic origin. The comparison of tephra from that horizon with those from local sequences in terms of composition, shape, and size of particles reveals similarity with the Y-5 tephra from the main phase of the Campanian eruption, dating to 39.30-39.85 ka BP. In the habitation sequence of Bioce, the tephra layer is inside lithological stratum 1. Artifacts from that layer and from the overlying and underlying ones, judging by technological and typological criteria, belong to one and the same lithic industry—the micro-Mousterian facies of the local Middle Paleolithic. New findings imply that the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption did not cause the disappearance of the culture associated with Neanderthals in the eastern Adriatic.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.