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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Archaeology, Ethnology &amp; Anthropology of Eurasia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IAET SB RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.1.016-028</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsc-890</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ. КАМЕННЫЙ ВЕК</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Unshaped Bone Tools from Denisova Cave, Altai</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlikin</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher.</p><p>Pr Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kmb777@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-1276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rendu</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, CNRS.</p><p>Bat. B2, Allee Geoffroy St-Hilaire CS 50023, 336I5 Pessac cedex</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malvina.baumann@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plisson</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, CNRS.</p><p>Bat. B2, Allee Geoffroy St-Hilaire CS 50023, 336I5 Pessac cedex</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wrendu@u-bordeaux.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-3013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baumann</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postdoctoral Researcher.</p><p>Bat. B2, Allee Geoffroy St-Hilaire CS 50023, 336I5 Pessac cedex</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hugues.plisson@u-bordeaux.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-2308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shunkov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Researcher, Department Head.</p><p>Pr Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shunkov77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">Bordeaux University, UMR 5199, PACEA laboratory<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kozlikin M.B., Rendu W., Plisson H., Baumann M., Shunkov M.V., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kozlikin M.B., Rendu W., Plisson H., Baumann M., Shunkov M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlikin M.B., Rendu W., Plisson H., Baumann M., Shunkov M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/890">https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/890</self-uri><abstract><p>This study describes a part of the Paleolithic bone industry of Denisova Cave—the site that is key for understanding a complex interaction between various groups of early humans and the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The Initial Upper Paleolithic layers of the cave yielded fossil remains of Denisovans, and the earliest ornaments and bone tools in North and Central Asia. The principal objective of this study is to analyze unshaped bone tools from the Late Middle and Initial Upper Paleolithic from the East Chamber of the cave. Among more than I0 thousand bone fragments, subdivided into three groups in terms of taphonomic, technical, and utilization traces, 5I specimens were selected for study. On the basis of location of use-wear traces that varied according to function, unshaped bone tools such as retouchers, awls, intermediate tools, and knives were revealed for the first time in Denisova Cave. The results of the morphological and use-wear analysis suggest that those tools were used for processing organic materials such as leather, plantfibers, and wood. Unshaped tools indicate a developed industry that preceded, or was contemporaneous with, the formal types of tools—polished points and eyed needles.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Altai Mountains</kwd><kwd>Denisova Cave</kwd><kwd>Initial Upper Paleolithic</kwd><kwd>Denisovans</kwd><kwd>bone industry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Center of French-Russian Studies in Moscow (2015), a postdoctoral fellowship provided by the FYSSEN Foundation (2016), International Associated laboratory ARTEMIR (2015-2018), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 18-09-40100)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backwell L.R., d’Errico F. 2014 Palaeolithic bone tools. In Encyclopedia of global archaeology. 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