|Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription Access
Affinities of the Sargat Population in the Baraba Forest-Steppe
https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2024.52.3.136-147
Abstract
Within-group, between-group, and comparative analysis of craniometric data relating to local and chronological samples of the Sargat population (5th century BC to late 3rd / 4th century AD) was carried out. The study focuses on sample from the Baraba forest-steppe. Comparative analysis, performed with the principal component method, included Early Iron Age samples from adjacent territories. No discontinuity was found in the spatio-temporal cranial variation among the Sargat groups. Despite differences between the three Sargat samples (Baraba, Irtysh, and Trans-Ural), they all represent one and the same Caucasoid physical type, characterized by meso-brachycrany, medium-high braincase, wide low, and somewhat flattened face, moderately inclined frontal bone, and protruding nasal bones. The Baraba group differs from two others by a wider face, larger pyriform aperture, and largest dacryal width. Comparative statistical analysis indicates affinities of the male part of Sargat groups with nomads of the Urals and Kazakhstan—Saka, Sauromatians, and Sarmats. Possibly, military campaigns by the Achaemenid state against the nomadic tribal unions of Central Asia in the second half of the 6th century BC triggered the migration process. Initially, migrants moved to the Irtysh basin, and thence to the western (Trans-Ural) and eastern (Baraba) peripheries of the emerging Sargat culture. The female part of the population was less affected by migratory processes. Female samples of the Sargat reveal an autochthonous cranial complex.
Keywords
Sargat culture,
cranial complexes,
West Siberian forest-steppe,
Ural and Kazakhstan steppes,
nomadic tribes
Supporting agencies: This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 22-18-00012.
About the Author
T. A. Chikisheva
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Chikisheva T.A. - Leading Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
References
1. Akimova M.S. 1968 Materialy k antropologii drevnego naseleniya Yuzhnogo Urala. In Arkheologiya i etnografi ya Bashkirii, vol. III. Ufa: Bashkir. fi l. AN SSSR, pp. 391–426.
2. Bagashev A.N. 2000 Paleoantropologiya Zapadnoy Sibiri: Lesostep Zapadnoy Sibiri v epokhu rannego zheleza. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
3. Beisenov A.Z., Ismagulova A.O., Kitov E.P., Kitova A.O. 2015 Naseleniye Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana v I tysyacheletii do n.e. Almaty: Inst. arkheologii im. A.K. Margulana.
4. Chikisheva T.A. 2008 The origin of the early nomadic populations of Tuva: Craniometrical evidence. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 4: 120–139.
5. Chikisheva T.A. 2012 Dinamika antropologicheskoy differentsiatsii naseleniya yuga Zapadnoy Sibiri v epokhi neolita – rannego zheleza. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.
6. Deryabin V.E. 2004 Biometricheskaya obrabotka antropologicheskikh dannykh s primeneniyem kompyuternykh programm. Moscow. Dep. v VINITI RAN 12.01.2004, No. 34.
7. Ginsburg V.V., Firshtein B.V. 1958 Materialy k antropologii drevnego naseleniya Zapadnogo Kazakhstana. In Sbornik MAE, vol. XVIII. Leningrad: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 390–427.
8. Han Kangxin, Pan Qifeng. 1987 Izucheniye antropologicheskikh materialov iz mogilnika Zhaosu (Xinjiang). Kaogu suebao, No. 4: 503–523. (In Chinese).
9. Ismagulov O. 1962 Antropologicheskaya kharakteristika usuney Semirechya. In Voprosy istorii Kazakhstana i Vostochnogo Turkestana. Alma-Ata: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 168–191. (Trudy Inst. istorii, arkheologii i etnografi i AN KazSSR; vol. 16).
10. Kishkurno M.S. 2023a Antropologicheskiy sostav naseleniya Novosibirskogo Priobya rannego zheleznogo veka (po kraniologicheskim i odontologicheskim dannym): Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation, vol. 2. Novosibirsk.
11. Kishkurno M.S. 2023b Antropologicheskiy sostav naseleniya Novosibirskogo Priobya rannego zheleznogo veka (po kraniologicheskim i odontologicheskim dannym): Cand. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Novosibirsk.
12. Kitov E.P., Mamedov A.M. 2014 Kochevoye naseleniye Zapadnogo Kzakhstana v rannem zheleznom veke. Astana: Izd. gruppa FIA im. Margulana v g. Astana.
13. Kitov E.P., Tur S.S., Ivanov S.S. 2019 Paleoantropologiya sakskikh kultur Prityanshanya (VIII – pervaya polovina II v. do n.e.). Almaty: Khikari.
14. Kobeleva L.S., Nagler A., Durakov I.A., Demakhina M.S., Hansen S., Molodin V.I. 2013 Sargatskiy mogilnik Yashkino-1 (prodolzheniye issledovaniy). In Problemy arkheologii, etnografi i, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XIX. Novosibirsk: pp. 216–220.
15. Konduktorova T.S. 1962 Antropologicheskiye danniye po drevnemu naseleniyu Orenburgskoy oblasti. Voprosy antropologii, iss. 11: 43–57.
16. Koryakova L.N. 1982 Iz istorii izucheniya sargatskoy kultury. In Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya severa Yevrazii. Sverdlovsk: Ural. Gos. Univ., pp. 113–124.
17. Koryakova L.N. 1988 Ranniy zhelezniy vek Zauralya i Zapadnoy Sibiri (sargatskaya kultura). Sverdlovsk: Izd. Ural. Gos. Univ
18. Kozintsev A.G., Selezneva V.I. 2011 Kraniometricheskiye osobennosti naseleniya Tuvy epokhi zheleza: Cherepa iz moglinika Sagly. In Radlovskiy sbornik: Nauchniye issledovaniya i muzeyniye proyekty MAE RAN v 2010 g. St. Petersburg: MAE RAN, pp. 217–222.
19. Matveeva N.P. 2017 Radiouglerodnaya khronologiya pamyatnikov sargatskoy kultury (Zapadnaya Sibir). Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, No. 4: 3–20.
20. Matveeva N.P. 2018 O migratsiyakh iz Zapadnoy Sibiri v Yevropu v rannem zheleznom veke i v epokhu Velikogo pereseleniya narodov. Arkheologiya Yevraziyskikh stepey. No. 6: Materialy IV Mezhdunarodnogo Madyarskogo simpoziuma: 150–157. doi: 10.55722/Arpad.Kiad.2018.6_02
21. Molodin V.I., Nagler A., Solovyev A.I., Kobeleva L.S., Durakov I.A., Chemyakina M.A., Dyadkov P.G. 2009 Noviy etap sotrudnichestva Instituta arkheologii i etnografi i SO RAN i Germanskogo arkheologicheskogo instituta: Raskopki mogilnika sargatskkoy kultury Pogorelka-2. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XV. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 343–349.
22. Molodin V.I., Nenakhov D.A., Nenakhova Y.N., Mylnikova L.N., Kobeleva L.S. 2017 Avariyniye raskopki odinochnogo elitnogo kurgana sargatskoy kultury Gosudarevo Ozero-1 v Barabinskoy lesostepi. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografi i, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XXIII. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 521–525.
23. Molodin V.I., Novikov A.V. 1998 Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki Vengerovskogo rayona Novosibirskoy oblasti. Novosibirsk: Nauch.-proizvod. tsentr po sokhraneniyu ist.-kult. naslediya.
24. Mylnikova L.N., Molodin V.I., Durakov I.A., Efremova N.S., Kobeleva L.S., Kudinova M.A., Nenakhov D.A., Nenakhova Y.N., Nesterova M.S., Selin D.V., Borzykh K.A., Bobin D.N., Kravtsova A.S., Nekrash A.A., Popova B.S., Titova A.A., Kharitonov R.M., Shvetsova E.S. 2022 Elitniy kurgan No. 51 Ust-Tartasskogo mogilnika: Obshchiye svedeniya. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografi i, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XXVIII. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 647–655.
25. Polosmak N.V. 1987a Baraba v epokhu rannego zheleza. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
26. Polosmak N.V. 1987b Raboty Zapadnosibirskogo otryada. In Arkheologicheskiye otkrytiya 1985 goda. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 267–277.
27. Rykun M.P. 2013 Paleoantropologiya Verkhnego Priobya epokhi rannego zheleza (po materialam kamenskoy kultury). Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ.
28. Sharapova S.V. 2020 Verkhnyaya khronologicheskaya granitsa sargatskoy kultury. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologichesky vestnik, vol. 19 (2): 218–246.
29. Tairov A.D. 2019 Yuzhniy Ural v epokhu rannikh kochevnikov.. Chelyabinsk: Izd. Yuzh.-Ural. Gos. Univ. (Istoriya Yuzhnogo Urala; vol. 3).
30. Zhang Tienan. 1995 Kratkoye soobshcheniye ob obsledovanii drevnikh mogilnikov Yanghai i Dalankanyer v uyezde Shanshan. In Xinjiang wenwu kaogu xin shouhuo 1979–1989 [New Achievements in Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology in 1979–1989]. Ürümqi: Xinjiang zhengming chubanshe, pp. 186– 193. (In Chinese).
Review
For citations:
Chikisheva T.A. Affinities of the Sargat Population in the Baraba Forest-Steppe. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia. 2024;52(3):136-147. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2024.52.3.136-147
Views:
177
Email this article 