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Industry of Okladnikov Cave Layer 3 in the Context of the Sibiryachikha Complexes of the Altai Mountains
K. A. Kolobova,
I. E. Tyugashev,
A. V. Kharevich,
V. M. Kharevich,
A. S. Koliasnikova,
M. V. Seletsky,
P. V. Chistyakov,
S. V. Markin,
A. P. Derevianko https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2024.52.4.050-058
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of lithics from layer 3 of Okladnikov Cave and their relevance to the Sibiryachikha industries of the Altai Mountains. Attribute analysis has shown that the industry of layer 3 demonstrates technological and typological similarities with the Sibiryachikha industries. These include radial flaking with an offset technological axis, a predominance of convergent side-scrapers, and a series of planoconvex bifacial tools. Functionally, the site was a camp where horse and rhinoceros carcasses were butchered and consumed. The analysis of flaking sequence integrity revealed similarity between Okladnikov layer 3 and Chagyrskaya industries in terms of primary and bifacial reduction. The initial stages of core decortication were carried out outside the cave, at the rock outcrops. Subsequent stages of core utilization and all stages of bifacial flaking were carried out in situ. The main difference between Okladnikov layer 3 and Chagyrskaya layer 6c/2 industries concerns only the stage of manufacturing and modifying stone tools. At Okladnikov Cave, these processes were much more intense than at Chagyrskaya, which may indicate transportation of numerous tools and blanks made of high-quality raw material from more distant sources.
Keywords
Middle Paleolithic,
Sibiryachikha variant,
Altai Mountains,
bifacial technology,
model of rock utilization,
Neanderthals
Supporting agencies: The analysis of the lithic collection from Okladnikov layer 3 and the analysis of the flaking sequence integrity were supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 24-67-00033. The comparison of the lithic industries of the Sibiryachikha variant was supported by the Project “Interdisciplinary Study of Ancient and Medieval Societies of the Altai”, Project No. FZMW-2023-0009, under the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
About the Authors
K. A. Kolobova
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;
Altai State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Chief Researcher, Altai State University
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090,
pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049
I. E. Tyugashev
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Junior Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
A. V. Kharevich
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Senior Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
V. M. Kharevich
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Senior Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
A. S. Koliasnikova
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Junior Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
M. V. Seletsky
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Junior Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
P. V. Chistyakov
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Junior Researcher
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
S. V. Markin
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Leading Researcher, Department Head
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
A. P. Derevianko
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;
Altai State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Professor, Scientific Director, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory Head, Altai State University
pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090,
pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049
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For citations:
Kolobova K.A., Tyugashev I.E., Kharevich A.V., Kharevich V.M., Koliasnikova A.S., Seletsky M.V., Chistyakov P.V., Markin S.V., Derevianko A.P. Industry of Okladnikov Cave Layer 3 in the Context of the Sibiryachikha Complexes of the Altai Mountains. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia. 2024;52(4):50-58. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2024.52.4.050-058
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