The Sartan Upper Paleolithic Assemblages of the Northwestern Altai
https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.1.029-040
Abstract
This article highlights the results of comprehensive studies at Sartan cave and open-air sites (MIS 2) in the northwestern Altai. Their stratigraphic profiles include loam layers, often with geest. Absolute dates are discussed, as well as the relative stratigraphic position of lithological layers within profiles of stratified Pleistocene sites, using available paleoenvironmental data. The Sartan sites of the region are base-camps with a complete sequence of raw material reduction. Such a combination of base-camp and workshop features indicates the proximity of raw material sources. The main hunting targets were animals inhabiting mosaic landscapes. Sites correlated with various stages of the Sartan glaciation have yielded stone and bone assemblages of the final stage of the regional Upper Paleolithic. Petrographic characteristics of lithic assemblages and sources of raw material are evaluated. Typological and technological properties of industries are listed. The Late Upper Paleolithic of southern Siberia reveals a combination of Upper and Middle Paleolithic features, evidencing cultural conservatism. These industries are rather similar to those of central, southeastern, and northeastern Altai and to contemporaneous industries of southern Siberia.
Keywords
Sartan glaciation,
Final Upper Paleolithic,
northwestern Altai,
lithic assemblages,
bone assemblages,
petrographic composition,
artifact typology
Supporting agencies: This study was performed under the R&D Project No. 03292019-0001
About the Authors
S. V. Markin
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Leading Researcher, Department Head.
Pr Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
K. A. Kolobova
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Leading Researcher.
Pr Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090
References
1. Abramova Z.A. 1989 Paleolit Severnoy Azii. In Paleolit Kavkaza i Severnoy Azii. Leningrad: Nauka, pp. 143-243.
2. Arkheologiya, geologiya i paleogeografiya pleistotsena i golotsena Gornogo Altaya. 1998 A.P. Derevianko, A.K. Agadzhanyan, G.F. Baryshnikov, M.I. Dergacheva, T.A. Dupal, E.M. Malaeva, S.V. Markin, V.I. Molodin, S.V. Nikolaev, L.A. Orlova, V.T. Petrin, A.V. Postnov, V.A. Ulyanov, I.K. Fedeneva, I.V. Foronova, M.V. Shunkov. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.
3. Astakhov S.N. 1963 Pozdnepaleoliticheskaya stoyanka u d. Fedyayevo na Angare. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, No. 3: 209-215. Baryshnikov G.Y., Kungurov A.L., Markin M.M., Semibratov V.P. 2005 Paleolit Gornoy Shorii. Barnaul: Az Buka.
4. Bolikhovskaya N.S., Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Markin S.V., Sobolev V.M. 2011 Paleogeograficheskiye osobennosti razvitiya pleistotsenovoy rastitelnosti i klimata Altaya i Vostochnogo Predkavkazya v epokhu obitaniya drevnego cheloveka. In Problemy paleogeografii i stratigrafii pleistotsena. Moscow: Geog. fak. Mos. Gos. Univ., pp. 373-418.
5. Derevianko A.P. 2012 Noviye arkheologicheskiye otkrytiya na Altaye i problema formirovaniya Homo sapiens. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN. Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V. 1987 Paleolit Chuiskoy kotloviny. Gorniy Altay. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
6. Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V. 2003 Sreda obitaniya i kultura cheloveka verkhnego paleolita srednegornogo poyasa Severo-Zapadnogo Altaya (po rezultatam kompleksnogo issledovaniya peshchery Kaminnaya). In Problemy arkheologii i paleoekologii Severnoy, Vostochnoy i Tsentralnoy Azii. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 398-400.
7. Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V., Baryshnikov G.Y., Fedeneva IN. 1995 Peshchera Iskra - noviy mnogosloiniy pamyatnik v predgornom Altaye. In Obozreniye rezultatov polevykh i laboratornykh issledovaniy arkheologov, etnografov i antropologov Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka v 1993 godu. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 68-70.
8. Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V., Kulik N.A., Kolobova K.A. 2015 Lithic raw material exploitation in the Sibiryachikha facies, the Middle Paleolithic of Altai. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 43 (3): 3-16.
9. Derevianko A.P., Petrin V.T., Rybin E.P. 1992 Kompleksy kamennoy industrii paleoliticheskogo pamyatnika Sopka Urozhainaya. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.
10. Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Anoikin A.A. 1998 Arkheologicheskaya kharakteristika verkhnepaleoliti-cheskogo kompleksa Denisovoy peshchery. In Paleoekologiya pleistotsena i kultury kamennogo veka Severnoy Azii i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. 1. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 153-161.
11. Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Markin S.V. 2008 Klimaticheskiye i paleogeograficheskiye stsenarii v neopleistotsene Severo-Zapadnogo Altaya. In Globalniye izmeneniya klimata i prirodnoy sredy pozdnego kainozoya v Sibiri. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 249-322.
12. Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Postnov A.V. 1998 K kharakteristike srednego etapa verkhnego paleolita Altaya. In Paleoekologiya pleistotsena i kultury kamennogo veka Severnoy Azii i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. 1. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 174-184.
13. Jacobs Z., Li Bo, Shunkov M.V., Kozlikin M.B., Bolikhovskaya N.S., Agadjanian A.K., Uliyanov V.A., Vasiliev S.K., O’Gorman K., Derevianko A.P., Roberts R.G. 2019 Timing of archaic hominin occupation of Denisova Cave in Southern Siberia. Nature, vol. 565: 594-599.
14. Kadikov B.K., Lapshin B.N. 1978 Karaturuk - novaya stoyanka kamennogo veka Gornogo Altaya. In Drevniye kultury Altaya i Zapadnoy Sibiri. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 3-10.
15. Kind N.V. 1974 Geokhronologiya pozdnego antropogena po izotopnym dannym. Moscow: Nauka.
16. Kolobova K.A. 2006 Priyemy oformleniya kamennykh orudiy v paleoliticheskikh industriyakh Gornogo Altaya. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN. Kolobova K.A., Flas D., Derevianko A.P., Pavlenok K.K., Islamov U.I., Krivoshapkin A.I. 2013
17. The Kulbulak bladelet tradition in the Upper Paleolithic of Central Asia. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 41 (2): 2-25.
18. Kolobova K., Krivoshapkin A., Shnaider S. 2019 Early geometric microlith technology in Central Asia. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, vol. 11 (4): 1407-1419.
19. Konstantinov M.V. 1994 Kamenniy vek vostochnogo regiona Baikalskoy Azii. Ulan-Ude: Inst. obshchestvennykh nauk BNC SO RAN; Chita: Chit. Gos. Ped. Inst.
20. Krivoshapkin A., Shalagina A., Baumann M., Shnaider S., Kolobova K 2018 Between Denisovans and Neanderthals: Strashnaya Cave in the Altai Mountains. Antiquity, vol. 92 (365): 1-7.
21. Krivoshapkin A.I., Zenin V.N., Shalagina A.V. 2014 Rezultaty polevykh issledovaniy peshchery Strashnaya v 2014 godu. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XX. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 54-56.
22. Kulik N.A., Markin S.V. 2001 K petrograficheskoy kharakteristike kamennoy industrii peshchery Kaminnaya (Gorniy Altai). In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. VII. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 136-141.
23. Kulik N.A., Markin S.V. 2005 Petrograficheskiy sostav industrii finalnogo paleolita iz peshchery Iskra (Severo-Zapadniy Altai). In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XI (I). Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 121-125.
24. Kungurov A.L. 1993 Paleolit i mezolit Altaya. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ.
25. Kungurov A.L. 1995 Paleoliticheskaya stoyanka Kuyuk-5 na Chumyshe. In Sokhraneniye i izucheniye kulturnogo naslediya Altaiskogo kraya, iss. V (2). Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 3-7.
26. Kungurov A.L., Kadikov B.K 1985 Mnogosloinoye poseleniye Ust-Sema. In Altay v epokhu kamnya i rannego metalla. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 29-50.
27. Lapshin B.I., Kadikov B.K. 1981 Pozdnepaleoliticheskaya stoyanka u sela Maima v Gornom Altaye (po materialam Biyskogo krayevedcheskogo muzeya). In Problemy Zapadno-Sibirskoy arkheologii. Epokha kamnya i bronzy. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 9-21.
28. Lezhnenko I.L. 1974 Itogi issledovaniy pozdnepaleoliticheskikh pamyatnikov Kulakovo I i Cheremushnik II. In Drevnyaya istoriya narodov Yugo-Vostochnoy Sibiri, iss. 2. Irkutsk: Irkut. Gos. Univ., pp. 65-115.
29. Markin S.V. 1986 Paleoliticheskiye pamyatniki basseina reki Tomi. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
30. Markin S.V. 2005 Zaklyuchitelnaya stadiya verkhnego paleolita Altaya i kulturnoye yedinstvo Yuzhnoy Sibiri i severnykh regionov Tsentralnoy Azii. In Paleoliticheskiye kultury Zabaikalya i Mongolii (noviye pamyatniki, metody, gipotezy). Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 81-87.
31. Markin S.V. 2006 Sreda i kultura Severo-Zapadnogo Altaya v period zaklyuchitelnoy stadii verkhnego paleolita. In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XII (I). Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 185-190.
32. Markin S.V., Antipov A.S. 2012 Peshchera Iskra - stoyanka zaklyuchitelnoy stadii verkhnego paleolita Severo-Zapadnogo Altaya. Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya, vol. 11, iss. 5: Arkheologiya i etnografiya: 81-93.
33. Okladnikov A.P. 1981 Paleolit Tsentralnoy Azii. Moiltyn-Am (Mongoliya). Novosibirsk: Nauka.
34. Okladnikov A.P., Vladykin V.A. 1967 Drevneye poseleniye na r. Kuyume (Altay) po raskopkam 1964-1965 gg. In Izvestiya Laboratorii arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, iss. 1. Kemerovo: Kem. Gos. Ped. Univ., pp. 66-79.
35. Paleolit Yeniseya. 1991 Leningrad: Nauka.
36. Pavlenok G.D. 2018 Metodicheskiye podkhody k izucheniyu materialov zaklyuchitelnoy stadii verkhnego paleolita Altaya. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, iss. 4 (24): 7-19.
37. Prirodnaya sreda i chelovek v paleolite Gornogo Altaya. 2003 A.P. Derevianko, M.V. Shunkov, A.K. Agadzhanyan, G.F. Baryshnikov, E.M. Malaeva, V.A. Ulyanov, N.A. Kulik, A.V. Postnov, A.A. Anoikin. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.
38. Shalagina A.V., Bomann M., Kolobova K.A., Krivoshapkin A.I. 2018
39. Kostyaniye igly iz verkhnepaleoliticheskikh kompleksov Strashnoy peshchery (Severo-Zapadniy Altay). Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, No. 1 (21): 84-93.
40. Shunkov M.V., Kozlikin M.B. 2014 Kamennaya industriya zaklyuchitelnoy stadii verkhnego paleolita iz vostochnoy galerei Denisovoy peshchery. Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya, vol. 13, iss. 3: Arkheologiya i etnografiya: 180-188.
41. Sosnovsky G.P. 1941 Paleoliticheskaya stoyanka u s. Srostki na r. Katuni. In Paleolit i neolit SSSR. Moscow, Leningrad: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 109-125. (MIA; No. 2).
42. Vasiliev S.K., Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V. 2006 Large mammal fauna of the Sartan period from the Northwestern Altai (based on materials from Kaminnaya Cave). Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 26 (2): 2-22.
Review
For citations:
Markin S.V., Kolobova K.A. The Sartan Upper Paleolithic Assemblages of the Northwestern Altai. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia. 2020;48(1):29-40. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.1.029-040
Views:
507
Email this article 